Danaë and Perseus. 3rd Decl. M.F. = 2nd Decl. M.(F.) -us (-r) = eris = 2nd Decl. -ō = or. 3rd Decl. M.F. -ēs = or Verb -re =

Transkripts

1 Latin II

2 Danaë and Perseus Mārcus librum in ātriō legit. Māter Vēsōnia Mārcō dīcit, Tempus est dormīre, Mārce! Mārcus respondet, Sed fessus nōndum sum! Fābulam dē morte Medūsae audīre cupiō quod pater mihi dīxit, Neptūnus et Medūsa erant parentēs Pegasī! Māter dīcit, Bene, mī fīlī, sed posteā dormīre necesse est aut crās eris nimis fessus. audiō, -īre, -īvī (28) to hear, listen to mors, mortis, f. (23) death aut (9) or nimis (4) too crās (6) tomorrow nōndum (5) not yet cupiō, -ere, cupīvī (43) to desire, want nōs, nostrum, nōbīs, nōs, nōbīs (23) we, us dīcō, -ere, dīxī (112) to say parēns, parentis, m.f. (3) parent fessus, -a, -um (8) tired posteā (26) afterwards, later legō, -ere, lēgī (5) to read tempus, temporis, n. (24) time; moment liber, librī, m. (3) book 2nd Decl. M.(F.) -um = 3rd Decl. M.F. = 2nd Decl. M.(F.) -us (-r) = eris = 2nd Decl. -ō = or 3rd Decl. M.F. -ēs = or Verb -re = erant = 2nd Decl. M.(F.) -us -e = 2nd Decl. M.(F.) -ī = or sum = 3rd PP -ī -it = mihi = 3rd Decl. N. = or 3rd Decl. -e = 2nd Decl. M. meus fīlius mī fīlī = 1st Decl. -ae = or or 2

3 Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Ablative Singular Plural Masculine Feminine Neuter Masculine Feminine Neuter ea (x3) eam eī (x4) eō (x2) eum eā eārum eīs (x6) eōrum (x2) id (x2) eae eās eius (x3) eōs is 1. I love those women. (A) eōs (B) eam (C) eās (D) eīs 2. This man is coming. (A) Is (B) Ea (C) Id (D) Eum 3. She gave praise to that god. (A) eum (B) eī (C) eō (D) eīs 4. They walk with these friends. (A) eō (B) eā (C) eōs (D) eīs 5. He likes this book. (A) is (B) eum (C) eōs (D) eō 6. of those goddesses (A) eius (B) eīs (C) eōrum (D) eārum 7. He hit the monster with this stick. (A) eīs (B) eō (C) eī (D) eum 8. These doctors will help us. (A) Ea (B) Eī (C) Is (D) Id 9. He shows the coin to these men. (A) eīs (B) eī (C) eō (D) eae 10. of that story (A) eārum (B) eae (C) eius (D) ea 3

4 Danaë and Perseus (Cont.) Polydectēs erat rēx et īnsulam Serīphum diū regēbat. Ōlim magna arca in eam īnsulam advēnit. Forte frāter rēgis, piscātor, arcam invēnit et aperuit. Ecce intrā eam arcam erant Perseus īnfāns et māter Danaē, fēmina pulchra. Quamquam piscātor erat frāter rēgis, multam pecūniam tamen nōn habēbat. Piscātor et uxor in parvā casā habitābant et mātrem et fīlium ibi manēre invītāvērunt. adveniō, -īre, advēnī (39) to arrive is, ea, id (151) this; that aperiō, -īre, aperuī (11) to open maneō, -ēre, mānsī (25) to remain, stay arca, arcae, f. (10) box, chest parvus, -a, -um (10) small Danaē, Danaēs, f. (5) (mother of Perseus) piscātor, piscātōris, m. (3) fisherman diū (8) for a long time Polydectēs, Polydectis, m. (5) (king of Seriphos) ecce (10) look quamquam (14) although forte (5) by chance regō, -ere, rēxī (11) to rule, govern ibi (19) there, in that place rēx, rēgis, m. (38) king īnfāns, īnfantis, m.f. (3) intrā (3) child, baby (with acc.) inside, within Serīphos, Serīphī, f. (6) tamen (39) (rocky island in the Aegean Sea) however, still inveniō, -īre, invēnī (24) to find uxor, uxōris, f. (34) wife invītō, -āre, -āvī (4) to invite erat = 3rd Decl. M.F. = -bat = 3rd Decl. -is = 3rd PP -ī -it = erant = 2nd Decl. M.(F.) -um = 2nd Decl. M.(F.) -us (-r) = 1st Decl. -am = Verb -re = 4

5 Danaë and Perseus (Cont.) Post multōs annōs Perseus nōn iam erat puer, sed iuvenis validus et Danaē adhūc erat fēmina pulcherrima. Ōlim Polydectēs eam fēminam pulcherrimam vīdit statimque amāvit. Mox eam fēminam in mātrimōnium dūcere cupiēbat. Danaē tamen mātrimōnium vītābat et rēx statim īrātissimus fuit. Perseus erat laetissimus quod rēgem nōn amābat. Ōlim Polydectēs Perseum ad īnsulam Medūsae mittere cōnstituit; nam Perseum revenīre nōn cupiēbat. Itaque rēx Perseum vocāvit et nūntiāvit, Medūsam pete, iuvenis valide, et caput abscīde et mihi reportā! abscīdō, -ere, abscīdī (4) to cut away nam (66) for adhūc (20) still petō, -ere, petīvī (15) to look for, seek caput, capitis, n. (23) head nūntiō, -āre, -āvī (53) to announce, declare cōnstituō, -ere, cōnstituī (27) ego, meī, mihi, mē, mē (80) iuvenis, iuvenis, m.f. (7) mittō, -ere, mīsī (16) mox (29) to decide I, me young person to send soon reportō, -āre, -āvī (6) reveniō, -īre, revēnī (12) validus, -a, -um (14) vītō, -āre, -āvī (6) to carry back, bring back to come back strong to avoid 3rd Decl. M.F. = 3rd Decl. N. = or videt vīdit = 1st Conj. -ā = est fuit = 3rd Conj. -e = 5

6 Danaë and Perseus (Cont.) Perseus respondit, Id caput Medūsae reportābō atque ab eō rēgnō mātrem līberābō! Polydectēs audāciam iuvenis laudāvit. Sine morā Perseus iter ad īnsulam Medūsae incēpit. Māter Mārcum spectāvit; nam fīlius eius oculōs claudēbat. Parvā vōce māter dīxit, Crās, mī fīlī, fābulam proximam nārrābō. Bonam noctem! Bene dormī! atque (22) and līberō, -āre, -āvī (5) to free audācia, audāciae, f. (1) boldness mora, morae, f. (25) delay claudō, -ere, clausī (6) to close nox, noctis, f. (15) night dormiō, -īre, -īvī (21) to sleep parvus, -a, -um (10) small; soft eius her (of her) proximus, -a, -um (3) next incipiō, -ere, incēpī (36) to begin rēgnum, rēgnī, n. (5) kingdom iter, itineris, n. (28) journey vōx, vōcis, f. (7) voice laudō, -āre, -āvī (6) to praise -bō = 3rd Decl. N. = or 2nd Decl. -ō = or respondet respondit = 2nd Decl. M.(F.) -us (-r) = dīcit dīxit = 3rd Decl. M.F. -em = 4th Conj. -ī = 2nd Decl. M.(F.) -ōs = 3rd Decl. -is = 3rd Decl. -e = 1st Decl. -ā = 3rd Decl. M.F. = 3rd PP -ī -it = 2nd Decl. M. meus fīlius mī fīlī = -bat = 1st Decl. -ae = or or 6

7 Perseus Seeks Aid Prīmā lūce Mārcus ē cubiculō in ātrium lentē ambulat. Mātrem Vēsōniam et sorōrem Antōniam prope impluvium videt. Māter rogat, Salvē, Mārce. Quid agis? Dormīvistīne bene? Mārcus respondet, Agō bene, grātiās. Bene dormīvī, sed adhūc fessus sum. Quid agis tū? Māter dīcit, Bene, grātiās. Cupisne fābulam proximam ante iēntāculum aut post iēntāculum? Ego sorōrī tuae fābulam prīmam dē Perseō iam nārrāvī. agō, -ere, ēgī (12) to do; to drive lūx, lūcis, f. (9) light ante (17) iam (36) iēntāculum, iēntāculī, n. (10) lentē (4) (with acc.) in front of, before now, already breakfast slowly prīmā lūce (8) prīmus, -a, -um (13) Quid agis? (2) tū, tuī, tibi, tē, tē (74) at first light, at dawn first How are you? you (s.) 2nd Decl. -ō = or 2nd Decl. M.(F.) -us (-r) = 1st Decl. -am = 3rd Conj. -is = 3rd Decl. -e = 2nd Decl. M.(F.) -us -e = 2nd Decl. N. -um = or 3rd PP -ī -istī = 1st Decl. -ā = 3rd PP -ī = 3rd Decl. M.F. -em = 3rd Decl. -ī = 3rd Decl. M.F. = sum = 1st Decl. -ae = or or 7

8 Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Ablative Singular Plural Masculine Feminine Neuter Masculine Feminine Neuter ea (x3) eam eī (x4) eō (x2) eum eā eārum eīs (x6) eōrum (x2) id (x2) eae eās eius (x3) eōs is 1. They gave money to them. (A) eōs (B) eīs (C) eī (D) eae 2. I sent him to war. (A) eōs (B) eam (C) eum (D) eīs 3. This is his book. (A) eius (B) is (C) eum (D) eōrum 4. Their home is safe. (A) eius (B) ea (C) eī (D) eōrum 5. I see them in the street. (A) eās (B) eum (C) eam (D) eīs 6. He writes with it. (A) eīs (B) eī (C) eum (D) eō 7. They are not coming. (A) Eōs (B) Eī (C) Is (D) Eōrum 8. Aesculapius gave life to him. (A) eī (B) eō (C) eae (D) eīs 9. We dig the hole with them. (A) eīs (B) eō (C) eōs (D) eā 10. She plans to help. (A) Eae (B) Is (C) Ea (D) Id 8

9 Perseus Seeks Aid (Cont.) Mārcus respondet, Nunc fābulam audīre cupiō, māter, ante iēntāculum. Et tū, Antōnia? Antōnia rīdet et clāmat, Ante iēntāculum, ante iēntāculum! Māter dīcit, Propter perīculum Medūsae Perseus ōrāre incēpit et auxilium deōrum petīvit. Sine morā Mercurius et Minerva appāruērunt. Minerva nūntiāvit, Libenter tē iuvābō. Quōmodo? Tibi speculum dabō; tū eō speculō Medūsam spectābis. Sine perīculō eam vidēbis potentiamque malam eius vītābis. appāreō, -ēre, -uī (14) iuvō, -āre, iūvī (9) libenter (8) ōrō, -āre, -āvī (5) potentia, potentiae, f. (3) to appear; to show oneself to help gladly, willingly to pray, pray to power, might petō, -ere, petīvī (15) propter (24) quōmodo (16) speculum, speculī, n. (3) rīdeō, -ēre, rīsī (8) to look for, seek (with acc.) because of how mirror to laugh, smile 2nd Decl. N. -um = or 3rd PP -ī -ērunt = 2nd Decl. M.(F.) -ī = or tibi = -bō = -bis = 3rd -iō/4th Conj. -iam = 2nd Decl. M.(F.) -us -e = 3rd PP -ī -it = tē = or 1st Decl. -ae = or or 9

10 Perseus Seeks Aid (Cont.) Deinde Mercurius nūntiāvit, Eum gladium cape; nam eō caput Medūsae abscīdere poteris. Alia dōna nūntius deōrum dedit: soleās ālātās, petasum, saccum. Soleīs ālātīs celeriter volāre poteris; ubi petasum gerēs, nēmō tē vidēre poterit; ubi Medūsam interficiēs, in saccō caput eius pōnere poteris. Itaque ad īnsulam Medūsae Perseus longissimum iter fēcit. Māter nūntiāvit, Edere, līberī, necesse est. Antōnia respondit, Sī tibi placet, māter, tōtam fābulam nārrā! Māter tandem dīxit, Bene, temptābō, sed fābula est longa. ālātus, -a, -um (2) winged interficiō, -ere, interfēcī (23) to kill capiō, -ere, cēpī (33) to take, seize nēmō (nom.s.) (8) no one celeriter (12) quickly, swiftly petasus, petasī, m. (3) hat dō, dare, dedī (28) to give pōnō, -ere, posuī (22) to put, place edō, -ere, ēdī (19) to eat saccus, saccī, m. (9) bag faciō, -ere, fēcī (69) to make; to do solea, soleae, f. (2) sandal gerō, -ere, gessī (20) to wear, carry tandem (14) at last, finally 3rd Conj. -e = poteris = Neuter -a = or 3rd Decl. N. = or 1st Conj. -ā = 3rd Conj. -ēs = 10

11 Island of Medusa Antōnia rogat, Quōmodo Perseus ad īnsulam Medūsae longum iter fēcit? Māter respondet, Volāvit, mea fīlia. Postquam Perseus ad īnsulam advēnit, spēluncam trium Gorgonum invēnit. Medūsa sōla ē vītā excēdere poterat; aliae duae Gorgonēs ē vītā excēdere nōn poterant. Quamquam Perseus magnopere timēbat, vir fortissimus tamen intrā spēluncam Medūsam petere incēpit. alius, alia, aliud (21) other, another magnopere (7) greatly excēdō, -ere, excessī (24) to go (out), depart postquam (17) after fortissimus, -a, -um very brave, bravest spēlunca, spēluncae, f. (16) cave Gorgō, Gorgonis, f. (4) Gorgon (woman with snakes for hair) timeō, -ēre, -uī (8) to fear, be afraid, be afraid of 3rd Decl. N. = or 1st Decl. -ā = 1st Decl. -am = 3rd Decl. M.F. -ēs = or 2nd Decl. N. -um = or -re = facit fēcit = poterat = 3rd PP -ī -it = 2nd Decl. M.(F.) -us (-r) = 1st Decl. -ae = or or 11

12 Island of Medusa (Cont.) Ut Minerva eī dīxit, Perseus eam in speculō suō spectāvit; nam ē vītā excēdere nōn cupiēbat. Perseus suprā Medūsam volat gladiōque caput eius abscīdit. Ex sanguine Medūsae appāret Pegasus, equus nātus ālīs! Statim caput Perseus in saccō suō pōnit. Tum aliae duae gorgonēs sunt īrātissimae et Perseum invenīre temptant. Perseus tamen petasum gerit; itaque eum gorgonēs vidēre nōn possunt. āla, ālae, f. (4) wing suprā (3) (with acc.) above, over nātus, -a, -um (5) born; (years) old suus, -a, -um (61) his, her, its, their (own) sanguis, sanguinis, m. (5) blood ut (8) as dīcit dīxit = 3rd Decl. -e = 2nd Decl. M.(F.) -us (-r) = 1st/2nd Decl. -īs = or 2nd Decl. -ō = or 2nd Decl. M.(F.) -um = 3rd Decl. N. = or 3rd Decl. M.F. -ēs = or eum, eam, id = ; ;,, eius, eius, eius = ; ;,, eī, eī, eī = ; ;,, 1st Decl. -ae = or or suus, -a, -um vs eius Ut Minerva eī dīxit, Perseus eam in speculō suō spectāvit. suō refers to Minerva Perseus Perseus suprā Medūsam volat gladiōque caput eius abscīdit. eius refers to Perseus Medusa Statim caput Perseus in saccō suō pōnit. suō refers to caput (head) Perseus 12

13 Island of Medusa (Cont.) Dum Perseus ad īnsulam Serīphum volat, ad Aethiopiam advenit. Prope ōram maritimam Perseus fēminam pulcherrimam videt; fēmina est in maximō perīculō quod magnum mōnstrum ad eam appropinquat. Fēmina fugere nōn potest; nam incolae Aethiopiae eam ad saxum ligāvērunt. Mārcus rogāvit, Quōmodo fābulam fīnīre potes? Quis est fēmina? Quid eī accidet? Etiam Antōnia rogāvit, Cūr incolae fēminam ad saxum ligāvērunt? Māter dīxit, Edere tempus est! Post iēntāculum fābulam fīniam. accidit, -ere, accidit (8) to happen ligō, -āre, -āvī (7) to tie, bind Aethiopia, Aethiopiae, f. (7) Ethiopia mōnstrum, mōnstrī, n. (18) monster cūr (22) why ōra, ōrae, f. (5) shore dum (21) while saxum, saxī, n. (10) rock, stone fīniō, -īre, -īvī (4) to end, finish quis, quid (25) who, what fugiō, -ere, fūgī (13) to flee, escape pulcher pulcherrimus = 3rd PP -ī -ērunt = 3rd -iō/4th Conj. -iam = 2nd Decl. N. -um = or 3rd Conj. -et = dīcit dīxit = 3rd Decl. M.F. = 3rd Decl. N. = or eum, eam, id =,,,, 1st Decl. -ae = or or 13

14 Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Ablative Singular Plural Masculine Feminine Neuter Masculine Feminine Neuter hāc hanc hī hoc (x2) hōs hunc hae hārum hic hōc (x2) huic (x3) haec (x3) hās hīs (x6) hōrum (x2) huius (x3) 1. He leads these soldiers. (A) hōs (B) hanc (C) hunc (D) hīs 2. This woman is beautiful. (A) Hic (B) Hoc (C) Haec (D) Hanc 3. I offered a drink to this girl. (A) hāc (B) huic (C) hanc (D) hīs 4. I ran with these animals. (A) hōc (B) hīs (C) haec (D) hāc 5. We climb this hill. (A) hunc (B) hic (C) hōc (D) hōs 6. of these women (A) hārum (B) hīs (C) hōrum (D) huius 7. I killed the insect with this sandal. (A) hanc (B) hāc (C) huic (D) hīs 8. These boys will not see the games. (A) Hae (B) Hī (C) Hic (D) Hōs 9. He tells a story to these children. (A) huic (B) hīs (C) hōc (D) hae 10. This doctor s instruments are sharp. (A) hārum (B) hae (C) haec (D) huius 14

15 Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Ablative Singular Plural Masculine Feminine Neuter Masculine Feminine Neuter hāc hanc hī hoc (x2) hōs hunc hae hārum hic hōc (x2) huic (x3) haec (x3) hās hīs (x6) hōrum (x2) huius (x3) 11. They will show the picture to them. (A) hōs (B) hīs (C) huic (D) hae 12. We protected him in battle. (A) hīs (B) hunc (C) hanc (D) hōs 13. This is his toy. (A) huius (B) hic (C) hōrum (D) hunc 14. Their life is on the line. (A) huius (B) hōrum (C) huic (D) haec 15. She left them in the country house. (A) hunc (B) hās (C) hanc (D) hīs 16. She cleans with it. (A) huic (B) hīs (C) hunc (D) hōc 17. They left after the games. (A) Hōs (B) Hī (C) Hoc (D) Hōrum 18. Marcus gave no help to her. (A) huic (B) hāc (C) hae (D) hīs 19. You are exercising with them. (A) hōc (B) hīs (C) hāc (D) hōs 20. She will offer many things to us. (A) Hae (B) Haec (C) Hic (D) Hoc 15

16 Andromeda and the Sea-Monster Post iēntāculum in peristȳliō Antōnia prope mātrem sedet et Mārcus prope parvam arborem stat. Māter dīxit, Venī, Mārce, et prope nōs sedē. Ut ante dīxī, mōnstrum ad fēminam pulcherrimam appropinquat. Haec fēmina est Andromeda, fīlia Cassiopēae. Mārcus rogat, Quid fēcit Andromeda? Estne fēmina mala? Vēsōnia respondet, Minimē, mī fīlī, est bona, sed māter huius fēminae est nimis superba. Cassiopēa rēgīna Aethiopiae nūntiāvit, Fīliae Neptūnī, incolae hārum aquārum prope Aethiopiam, sunt īrātae quod ego tam pulchra sum. Sine dubiō hae sunt pulchrae, sed ego sum pulcherrima. ante (17) arbor, arboris, f. (7) dubium, dubiī, n. (7) (with acc.) in front of, before; (adv.) before tree doubt minimē (8) tam (7) veniō, -īre, vēnī (11) no, not at all so to come hic, haec, hoc (160) this; he, she, it pulcher pulcherrimus = 2nd Decl. N. -um = or 2nd Decl. -ō = or 2nd Conj. -ē = 3rd Decl. M.F. = 3rd Decl. N. = or 4th Conj. -ī = 2nd Decl. M. meus fīlius mī fīlī = huius, huius, huius = ;,, 16

17 Andromeda and the Sea-Monster (Cont.) Ubi Neptūnus hoc audit, deus maximum mōnstrum ad Aethiopiam mittit. Simul atque hoc mōnstrum advenit, tot cīvēs Aethiopiae cōnsūmere incipit. Cassiopēa igitur ad ōrāculum iter facit; nam sine dubiō dolet quod tot cīvēs ē vītā excēdunt. Hoc ōrāculum nūntiāvit, Tuam fīliam sacrificā! Quōmodo? Tuam fīliam ad saxum prope ōram maritimam ligā et mox mōnstrum eam cōnsūmet. cīvis, cīvis, m.f. (14) citizen ōrāculum, ōrāculī, n. (9) oracle cōnsūmō, -ere, cōnsūmpsī (7) to eat, consume sacrificō, -āre, -āvī (2) to sacrifice doleō, -ēre, -uī (12) to be sad; to be sorry simul atque (15) as soon as faciō, -ere, fēcī (69) to make; to do tot (8) so many igitur (22) therefore magnus maximus = 2nd Decl. M.(F.) -us (-r) = 2nd Decl. N. -um = or 1st Decl. -ā = 3rd Decl. N. = or 1st Conj. -ā = 3rd Decl. M.F. -ēs = or 3rd Conj. -et = 3rd PP -ī -it = 1st Decl. -am = 1st Decl. -ae = or or eum, eam, id = ; ;,, 17

18 Andromeda and the Sea-Monster (Cont.) Cīvēs Aethiopiae sunt īrātī; itaque māter misera duōs hominēs ad saxum prope ōram maritimam Andromedam dūcere iubet. Simul atque duo hominēs eam ad saxum ligant, statim mōnstrum in aquā appāret et ad ōram maritimam properat; nam fēminam cōnsūmere cupit. Deinde Perseus advenit et suprā mōnstrum volat gladiōque suō caput mōnstrī abscīdit; ita Andromedam ā morte servāre potest. homō, hominis, m.f. (20) man, person properō, -āre, -āvī (6) to hasten, hurry ita (30) thus, so, in this way servō, -āre, -āvī (5) to save, keep, protect iubeō, -ēre, iussī (8) to order 3rd Decl. M.F. -ēs = or 3rd Decl. -e = 2nd Decl. M.(F.) -ī = or 2nd Decl. -ō = or 3rd Decl. M.F. = Verb -re = 1st Decl. -a = sunt = 2nd Decl. N. -um = or 2nd Decl. N. -ī = 2nd Decl. M.(F.) -ōs = 3rd Decl. N. = or 1st Decl. -am = eum, eam, id = ; ;,, 1st Decl. -ae = or or 18

19 Andromeda and the Sea-Monster (Cont.) Post multōs mēnsēs Perseus Andromedam in mātrimōnium dūcit quod hanc magnopere amat. Posteā Perseus cum uxōre suā Andromedā ad īnsulam Serīphum nāvigat; nam ā rēge pessimō mātrem suam līberāre vult. Fortasse, līberī, reliquam partem fābulae mox nārrābō. Sī vōbīs placet, prō mē canem Brūtum ē vīllā dūcite; nam sine dubiō canī ambulāre necesse est. Antōnia respondet, Libenter, māter. Nōs mox tē vidēbimus. canis, canis, m.f. (5) dog reliquus, -a, -um (11) remaining, other fortasse (3) perhaps vōs, vestrum, vōbīs, vōs, vōbīs (31) you (pl.) mēnsis, mēnsis, m. (5) month vult (he, she, it) wants pars, partis, f. (4) part prō (6) (with abl.) for, for the sake of 2nd Decl. M.(F.) -ōs = 1st Decl. -ā = 3rd Decl. M.F. -ēs = or 2nd Decl. M.(F.) -um = 2nd Decl. M.(F.) -us (-r) = 3rd Decl. M.F. = 2nd Decl. N. -um = or -bō = 2nd Decl. -ō = or -bimus = 3rd Decl. -e = 3rd Conj. -ite = hunc, hanc, hoc = ;,, 19

20 Rescue of Danaë Post paucās hōrās līberī cum Brūtō in vīllam reveniunt; post canem currunt et māter clāmat, Nōlīte in vīllā currere. Nōlī, Mārce, in impluvium iterum cadere! Duo līberī statim stant et rīdent. Tum māter Vēsōnia dīcit, Hīc in peristȳliō sedēte et paulum aquae bibite et fīnem fābulae audīte! Līberī in peristȳliō prope Vēsōniam sedent. Mox canis Brūtus prope eōs est. Māter fābulam iterum incipit, Post longissimum iter, Perseus et Andromeda ad īnsulam Serīphum advēnērunt. Ūnus incola Serīphī nūntiāvit, Māter tua est tūta et in templō manet. Nunc Polydectēs magnam cēnam dat. Tū in rēgiā hunc inveniēs. Properā et nōs ab hōc rēge malō līberā. bibō, -ere, bibī (12) to drink nōlī, nōlīte (14) (with infin.) don t cadō, -ere, cecidī (11) to fall paucī, -ae, -a (10) few currō, -ere, cucurrī (13) to run paulum, paulī, n. (5) a little fīnis, fīnis, m. (4) end rēgia, rēgiae, f. (11) palace hīc (11) here, in this place stō, stāre, stetī (8) to stand; to stop iterum (27) again tūtus, -a, -um (6) safe 20

21 Rescue of Danaë (Cont.) Perseus igitur ad rēgiam properāvit statimque trīclīnium intrāvit. Cūnctī hominēs nōn iam edēbant, sed Perseum spectābant. Etiam rēx eum spectābat. Tum Perseus caput Medūsae cēpit et cūnctīs hominibus mōnstrāvit. Statim caput Medūsae cūnctōs hominēs, etiam rēgem, in saxum mūtāvit. Posteā Perseus nūntiāvit, Ā rēge malō, cūnctī cīvēs Serīphī, vōs līberāvī; dīcite mihi, sī vōbīs placet; ubi est māter mea? Deinde ūna fēmina Perseum ad templum dūxit. Ubi Perseus ad templum advēnit, fēminae maximās grātiās ēgit. Sine morā Danaē fīlium suum magnō cum gaudiō excēpit. agō, -ere, ēgī (12) to do; to drive; to spend; (with grātiās) to give etiam (22) excipiō, -ere, excēpī (9) also, even to welcome capiō, -ere, cēpī (33) to take, seize gaudium, gaudiī, n. (9) joy cūnctī, -ae, -a (11) all trīclīnium, trīclīniī, n. (2) dining room dūcō, -ere, dūxī (28) to lead, take 2nd Decl. M.(F.) -us (-r) = 3rd Decl. M.F. -em = 2nd Decl. N. -um = or 2nd Decl. -ō = or 2nd Decl. M.(F.) -ī = or 3rd PP -ī = 3rd Decl. M.F. -ēs = or 3rd Decl. -e = 3rd Decl. N. = or 2nd Decl. M.(F.) -um = 3rd Decl. M.F. = 1st Conj. -ā = eum, eam, id = : ;,, 1st Decl. -ae = or or 21

22 Rescue of Danaë (Cont.) Perseus ōrāvit et dīs maximās grātiās ēgit; nam eīs dōna et caput Medūsae dare cupiēbat. Statim Mercurius et Minerva appāruērunt et libenter dōna et caput Medūsae accēpērunt. Posteā Danaē et Perseus et Andromeda ad Graeciam nāvigāre cōnstituērunt quod Danaē et Perseus ibi habitābant. Dēnique, ubi ad Graeciam advēnērunt, laetī ibi per multōs annōs vīvēbant. Antōnia dīxit, Nōnne edere tempus est? Parantne servae prandium? Māter respondit, Ita vērō. Hīc exspectāte, līberī. Ad culīnam ambulābō. Prandium mox erit parātum. dēnique (15) at last, finally nōnne (8) not?, surely? deus, deī, m. (22) god parātus, -a, -um (12) ready, prepared dīs (dat.pl.) to the gods prandium, prandiī, n. (4) lunch exspectō, -āre, -āvī (7) to wait, wait for vīvō, -ere, vīxī (4) to live Graecia, Graeciae, f. (8) Greece 1st/2nd Decl. -īs = or 3rd PP -ī -it = Neuter -a = or 2nd Decl. N. -um = or 3rd Decl. N. = or 1st Decl. -am = -re = 2nd Decl. M.(F.) -ī = or -bat = 2nd Decl. M.(F.) -ōs = 3rd PP -ī -ērunt = -bō = 1st Decl. -a = 1st Conj. -āte = eīs, eīs, eīs (dat.) =,, 1st Decl. -ae = or or 22

23 Unit VIII Vocabulary Review Nouns prandium, prandiī, n. (4) lunch āla, ālae, f. (4) wing rēgia, rēgiae, f. (11) palace arbor, arboris, f. (7) tree rēgnum, rēgnī, n. (5) kingdom arca, arcae, f. (10) box, chest rēx, rēgis, m. (38) king canis, canis, m.f. (5) dog saccus, saccī, m. (9) bag caput, capitis, n. (23) head sanguis, sanguinis, m. (5) blood cīvis, cīvis, m.f. (14) citizen saxum, saxī, n. (10) rock, stone deus, deī, m. (22) god spēlunca, spēluncae, f. (16) cave fīnis, fīnis, m. (4) end tempus, temporis, n. (24) time; moment gaudium, gaudiī, n. (9) joy trīclīnium, trīclīniī, n. (2) dining room homō, hominis, m.f. (20) man, person uxor, uxōris, f. (34) wife iēntāculum, iēntāculī, n. (10) breakfast vōx, vōcis, f. (7) voice īnfāns, īnfantis, m.f. (3) child, baby Adjectives iter, itineris, n. (28) journey alius, alia, aliud (21) other, another iuvenis, iuvenis, m.f. (7) young person cūnctī, -ae, -a (11) all liber, librī, m. (3) book fessus, -a, -um (8) tired lūx, lūcis, f. (9) light fortissimus, -a, -um very brave, bravest mēnsis, mēnsis, m. (5) month nātus, -a, -um (5) born; (years) old mōnstrum, mōnstrī, n. (18) monster parātus, -a, -um (12) ready, prepared mora, morae, f. (25) delay parvus, -a, -um (10) small; soft mors, mortis, f. (23) death paucī, -ae, -a (10) few nox, noctis, f. (15) night prīmus, -a, -um (13) first ōra, ōrae, f. (5) shore reliquus, -a, -um (11) remaining, other ōrāculum, ōrāculī, n. (9) oracle suus, -a, -um (61) his, her, its, their (own) parēns, parentis, m.f. (3) parent tūtus, -a, -um (6) safe pars, partis, f. (4) part validus, -a, -um (14) strong paulum, paulī, n. (5) a little Verbs potentia, potentiae, f. (3) power, might abscīdō, -ere, abscīdī (4) to cut away 23

24 accidit, -ere, accidit (8) to happen interficiō, -ere, interfēcī (23) to kill adveniō, -īre, advēnī (39) to arrive inveniō, -īre, invēnī (24) to find agō, -ere, ēgī (12) to do; to drive; to spend; (with grātiās) to give invītō, -āre, -āvī (4) iubeō, -ēre, iussī (8) to invite to order aperiō, -īre, aperuī (11) to open iuvō, -āre, iūvī (9) to help appāreō, -ēre, -uī (14) audiō, -īre, -īvī (28) bibō, -ere, bibī (12) cadō, -ere, cecidī (11) capiō, -ere, cēpī (33) claudō, -ere, clausī (6) cōnstituō, -ere, cōnstituī (27) cōnsūmō, -ere, cōnsūmpsī (7) cupiō, -ere, cupīvī (43) currō, -ere, cucurrī (13) dīcō, -ere, dīxī (112) dō, dare, dedī (28) doleō, -ēre, -uī (12) dormiō, -īre, -īvī (21) to appear; to show oneself to hear, listen to to drink to fall to take, seize to close to decide to eat, consume to desire, want to run to say to give to be sad; to be sorry to sleep laudō, -āre, -āvī (6) legō, -ere, lēgī (5) līberō, -āre, -āvī (5) ligō, -āre, -āvī (7) maneō, -ēre, mānsī (25) mittō, -ere, mīsī (16) nūntiō, -āre, -āvī (53) nōlī, nōlīte (14) ōrō, -āre, -āvī (5) petō, -ere, petīvī (15) pōnō, -ere, posuī (22) properō, -āre, -āvī (6) regō, -ere, rēxī (11) reportō, -āre, -āvī (6) to praise to read to free to tie, bind to remain, stay to send to announce, declare (with infin.) don t to pray, pray to to look for, seek to put, place to hasten, hurry to rule, govern to carry back, bring back dūcō, -ere, dūxī (28) to lead, take reveniō, -īre, revēnī (12) to come back edō, -ere, ēdī (19) to eat rīdeō, -ēre, rīsī (8) to laugh, smile excēdō, -ere, excessī (24) to go (out), depart servō, -āre, -āvī (5) to save, keep, protect excipiō, -ere, excēpī (9) to welcome stō, stāre, stetī (8) to stand; to stop exspectō, -āre, -āvī (7) faciō, -ere, fēcī (69) fīniō, -īre, -īvī (4) fugiō, -ere, fūgī (13) gerō, -ere, gessī (20) incipiō, -ere, incēpī (36) to wait, wait for to make; to do to end, finish to flee, escape to wear, carry to begin timeō, -ēre, -uī (8) veniō, -īre, vēnī (11) vītō, -āre, -āvī (6) vīvō, -ere, vīxī (4) vult to fear, be afraid, be afraid of to come to avoid to live (he, she, it) wants 24

25 Prepositions fortasse (3) perhaps ante (17) intrā (3) (with acc.) in front of, before; (adv.) before (with acc.) inside, within forte (5) hīc (11) iam (36) by chance here, in this place now, already prō (6) propter (24) suprā (3) (with abl.) for, for the sake of (with acc.) because of (with acc.) above, over ibi (19) igitur (22) iterum (27) lentē (4) there, in that place therefore again slowly Pronouns/Demonstratives libenter (8) gladly, willingly ego, meī, mihi, mē, mē (80) I, me ita (30) thus, so, in this way hic, haec, hoc (160) this; he, she, it magnopere (7) greatly is, ea, id (151) this; that minimē (8) no, not at all nēmō (nom.s.) (8) no one mox (29) soon nōs, nostrum, nōbīs, nōs, nōbīs (23) we, us nam (66) for quis, quid (25) who, what nimis (4) too tū, tuī, tibi, tē, tē (74) you (s.) nōndum (5) not yet vōs, vestrum, vōbīs, vōs, vōbīs (31) you (pl.) nōnne (8) not?, surely? Miscellaneous adhūc (20) atque (22) aut (9) celeriter (12) crās (6) cūr (22) dēnique (15) diū (8) dum (21) ecce (10) etiam (22) still and or quickly, swiftly tomorrow why at last, finally for a long time while look also, even posteā (26) postquam (17) prīmā lūce (8) proximus, -a, -um (3) quamquam (14) Quid agis? (2) quōmodo (16) simul atque (15) tam (7) tamen (39) tandem (14) tot (8) ut (8) afterwards, later after at first light, at dawn next although How are you? how as soon as so however, still at last, finally so many as 25

26 Singular Plural Masculine Feminine Neuter Masculine Feminine Neuter Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Ablative illā illam ille illud (x2) illōs illae illārum illī (x4) illō (x2) illīus (x3) illa (x3) illās illīs (x6) illōrum (x2) illum 1. That soldier is very brave. (A) Ille (B) Illud (C) Illum (D) Illī 2. They save those women. (A) illam (B) illōs (C) illās (D) illae 3. You will walk with that man. (A) illā (B) illō (C) illī (D) illīs 4. We showed the animals to those girls. (A) illī (B) illae (C) illōrum (D) illīs 5. of that slavewoman (A) illī (B) illārum (C) illīus (D) illae 6. I climbed that mountain. (A) illum (B) illōs (C) illī (D) illīs 7. Those girls will see the games later. (A) Illī (B) Illae (C) Illa (D) Illās 8. The gladiators fought with those swords. (A) illud (B) illō (C) illīs (D) illī 9. Those men s weapons are dangerous. (A) illīus (B) illī (C) illōs (D) illōrum 10. She gave money to that sailor. (A) illō (B) illī (C) illum (D) illīs 26

27 Singular Plural Masculine Feminine Neuter Masculine Feminine Neuter Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Ablative illā illam ille illud (x2) illōs illae illārum illī (x4) illō (x2) illīus (x3) illa (x3) illās illīs (x6) illōrum (x2) illum 11. They wounded her in the war. (A) illum (B) illam (C) illī (D) illō 12. You will tell what happened to them. (A) illīs (B) illī (C) illōs (D) illōrum 13. Their oxen are dying. (A) illīus (B) illī (C) illōrum (D) illae 14. They hate him. (A) illam (B) illō (C) illōs (D) illum 15. Here is her message. (A) illārum (B) ille (C) illae (D) illīus 16. I write with it. (A) illō (B) illīs (C) illīus (D) illī 17. We showed the monster to her. (A) illae (B) illīs (C) illī (D) illīus 18. They will not enter the temple. (A) Illī (B) Ille (C) Illōs (D) Illā 19. She helps them. (A) Ille (B) Illa (C) Illae (D) Illā 20. You are fighting with them. (A) illō (B) illā (C) illīs (D) illōs 27

28 Arachne Post prandium est calidum et sōl lūcet; itaque Antōnia et Mārcus sunt in peristȳliō et prope parvam arborem sedent. In tabellīs suīs pictūrās cōnficere temptant. Est certāmen; nam duo līberī mātrī suae pictūram optimam mōnstrāre cupiunt. Simul atque pictūrās cōnficiunt, ad mātrem suam līberī currunt. Antōnia mātrī nūntiat, Sine dubiō pictūra mea est optima. Ecce! Ille est Mārcus in impluviō! Vulnus in capite suō habet. Est multus sanguis! calidus, -a, -um (4) warm, hot lūcet, -ēre, -uit (4) to shine certāmen, certāminis, n. (3) contest tabella, tabellae, f. (3) (wax) tablet cōnficiō, -ere, cōnfēcī (9) to complete, finish vulnus, vulneris, n. (3) wound ille, illa, illud (38) that; he, she, it 2nd Decl. N. -um = or 3rd Decl. N. = or 1st Decl. -a = 2nd Decl. M.(F.) -ī = or 2nd Decl. M.(F.) -us (-r) = 3rd Decl. -ī = 1st Decl. -am = bonus optimus = 1st/2nd Decl. -īs = or 2nd Decl. -ō = or 3rd Decl. M.F. -em = 3rd Decl. -e = 1st Decl. -ās = 3rd Decl. M.F. = Verb -re = 3rd PP -ī -it = 1st Decl. -ae = or or 28

29 Arachne (Cont.) Mārcus magnā vōce respondet, Nōn erat multus sanguis ubi ego in impluvium cecidī. Tū es soror mala! Ecce, māter. Sine dubiō pictūra mea est optima. Illī sunt pater et māter. Quam laetī sunt et prō Cūriā in Forō stant! Subitō duo līberī clāmāre incēpērunt. Māter dīxit, Satis, līberī. Ego dīxī, Satis! Pictūrae vestrae sunt optimae; doleō tamen, Antōnia, quod tū es nimis superba; pictūra tua est bona, sed illa pictūra Mārcum īrātum fēcit. Vōbīs fābulam dē fēminā superbā nārrābō. cadō, -ere, cecidī (11) to fall satis (3) enough magnus, -a, -um (91) big, great; loud subitō (13) suddenly prō (6) (with abl.) for, for the sake of; in front of vester, vestra, vestrum (2) your (pl.) quam (10) how 1st Decl. -ā = illī, illae, illa = ; 2nd Decl. M.(F.) -us (-r) = 3rd PP -ī -ērunt = 3rd Decl. -e = 2nd Decl. N. -um = or 3rd Decl. M.F. = 2nd Conj. -eō = 3rd PP -ī = 2nd Decl. M.(F.) -um = 1st Decl. -a = 1st Decl. -am = bonus optimus = -bō = 2nd Decl. -ō = or Verb -re = 2nd Decl. M.(F.) -ī = or 3rd PP -ī -it = 1st Decl. -ae = or or 29

30 Arachne (Cont.) Antōnia respondit, Fābulam dē Niobā iam audīvimus. Scīmus, scīmus; Apollō et Diāna propter superbiam līberōs Niobae interfēcērunt. Vēsōnia dīxit, Tacē, Antōnia! Aliam fābulam vōbīs nārrābō. Ōlim in Asiā habitābat Arachnē, fēmina pulchra; vestēs pulcherrimās texēbat. Multae fēminae rogābant, Nōnne Minerva tē hās vestēs texere docuit? Arachnē respondēbat, Minimē! Ab illā deā nihil didicī! Forte Minerva haec verba audīvit et illī pauca dīcere cōnstituit. Itaque ad iānuam fēminae superbae appāruit. Ubi Arachnē iānuam tēctī aperuit, nōn deam sed senem miseram vīdit. discō, -ere, didicī (3) to learn sciō, -īre, -īvī (11) to know doceō, -ēre, -uī (7) to teach; to show superbia, superbiae, f. (1) pride, arrogance iānua, iānuae, f. (10) door, entrance taceō, -ēre, -uī (2) to be quiet, be silent interficiō, -ere, interfēcī (23) to kill texō, -ere, texuī (5) to weave nihil (7) nothing tēctum, tēctī, n. (4) roof; house Nioba, Niobae, f. (2) Niobe verbum, verbī, n. (19) word senex, senis, m.f. (3) old man, old woman vestis, vestis, f. (16) clothing; (pl.) clothes 4th Conj. -īre -īmus = hōs, hās, haec = ; 3rd Decl. M.F. -ēs = or 3rd PP -ī -ērunt = 3rd PP -ī -imus = Neuter -a = or 30

31 Arachne (Cont.) Arachnē superba rogāvit, Quid cupis, senex? Ego sum occupāta; vestem novam texō. Minerva respondit, Vestēs tuae sunt pulchrae. Deam Minervam ōrāre et maximās grātiās agere dēbēs. Num sine auxiliō illīus hās vestēs fēcistī? Arachnē īrātē nūntiāvit, Ego nūllum auxilium ab illā deā accēpī. In certāmine illam deam superāre possum. Vestēs meae sunt optimae. Cūr illa dea nōn venit? Cūr hoc certāmen vītat? Mē nōn terret. certāmen, certāminis, n. (3) contest occupātus, -a, -um (1) busy, occupied dēbeō, -ēre, -uī (8) ought senex, senis, m.f. (3) old man, old woman novus, -a, -um (17) new superō, -āre, -āvī (9) to defeat, surpass nūllus, -a, -um (7) no terreō, -ēre, -uī (2) to frighten num (6) surely not texō, -ere, texuī (5) to weave 3rd PP -ī -it = 2nd Decl. -ō = or 3rd/3rd -iō Conj. -is = 3rd PP -ī -istī = 3rd Decl. M.F. = 2nd Decl. N. -um = or sum = 3rd Decl. -e = 3rd Decl. M.F. -ēs = or possum = 1st Decl. -ās = bonus optimus = īrātus īrātē = 1st Decl. -a = 2nd Conj. -ēs = 3rd Decl. N. = or 1st Decl. -ae = or or hōs, hās, haec = ; illīus, illīus, illīus = ;,, 31

32 Arachne (Cont.) Statim Minerva nōn iam fuit senex, sed dea pulchra et īrāta. Ubi Arachnē Minervam vīdit, nōn erat territa, sed deam superāre parāta. In tēctō igitur et dea et fēmina superba vestēs novās magnā cum arte texuērunt. In veste Minervae erant pictūrae bonōrum factōrum deōrum. In veste fēminae superbae autem erant pictūrae malōrum factōrum deōrum. Ubi Arachnē Minervae vestem suam mōnstrāvit, Minerva īrātē nūntiāvit, Quam mala et superba tū es! Ego tamen tē nōn interficiam, sed tē in arāneam prīmam mūtābō. Propter hanc poenam texere semper poteris. arānea, arāneae, f. (1) spider factum, factī, n. (2) deed ars, artis, f. (8) skill, art poena, poenae, f. (2) punishment autem (13) however; furthermore territus, -a, -um (4) frightened 3rd Decl. M.F. = est fuit = videt vīdit = erat = Verb -re = 2nd Decl. -ō = or 3rd Decl. M.F. -ēs = or -bō = 3rd PP -ī -it = 3rd Decl. -e = 1st Decl. -ā = 2nd Decl. -ōrum = poteris = īrātus īrātē = 3rd iō/4th Conj. -iam = Neuter -a = or 32

33 Arachne (Cont.) Mārcus dīxit, Grātiās, māter. Illa fābula mihi grāta est. Dā mihi, Antōnia, tabellam tuam; nam pictūram tuam vidēre cupiō. Ubi tabellam accēpit, pictūram pulchram vīdit. Sum pulcher, soror! Quamquam vulnus in capite habeō, ego tamen sum pulcherrimus! Antonia respondit, Tū nōn es pulcher. Ecce tū es in mediō impluviō! Est multus sanguis! Illam fābulam, māter, dē Narcissō audīre necesse est! grātus, -a, -um (4) pleasing pulcher, pulchra, pulchrum (63) handsome, beautiful medius, -a, -um (17) middle, middle of 3rd PP -ī -it = 3rd Decl. M.F. = 1st Decl. -a = mihi = 1st Conj. -ā = 1st Decl. -am = -re = 3rd -iō/4th Conj. -iō = accipit accēpit = videt vīdit = sum = 3rd Decl. N. = or 3rd Decl. -e = pulcher pulcherrimus = respondet respondit = 2nd Decl. -ō = or 33

34 Singular Plural Masculine Feminine Neuter Masculine Feminine Neuter Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Ablative ipsā ipsam ipse ipsum (x3) ipsōs ipsae ipsārum ipsī (x4) ipsō (x2) ipsīus (x3) ipsa (x3) ipsās ipsīs (x6) ipsōrum (x2) 1. Echo distracted the queen herself. (A) ipsam (B) ipsōs (C) ipsās (D) ipsae 2. That very nymph loved Narcissus. (A) Ipse (B) Ipsum (C) Ipsa (D) Ipsam 3. They offered gifts to the gods themselves. (A) ipsī (B) ipsae (C) ipsōrum (D) ipsīs 4. Echo spoke with Juno herself. (A) ipsī (B) ipsō (C) ipsā (D) ipsīs 5. of the nymphs themselves (A) ipsī (B) ipsīus (C) ipsae (D) ipsārum 6. We rescued that very man. (A) ipsōs (B) ipsum (C) ipsī (D) ipsīs 7. The gods themselves will be angry. (A) Ipsōs (B) Ipsae (C) Ipsa (D) Ipsī 8. She killed the deer with this very arrow. (A) ipsam (B) ipsā (C) ipsīs (D) ipsī 9. The sword of the soldier himself is sharp. (A) ipsīus (B) ipsī (C) ipsum (D) illōrum 10. A slave gave this toga to Cincinnatus himself. (A) ipsō (B) ipsī (C) illum (D) ipsīs 34

35 Echo and Narcissus Māter Vēsōnia dīcit, Ita dē Narcissō fābulam audīre cupis. Bene. Sed prīmō vōbīs dē nymphā clārā nārrābō. Nōmen eius erat Ēchō. Sine dubiō erat pulcherrima et multās fābulās nārrāre amābat. Hoc scīre necesse est. Ubi Iuppiter aliās nymphās videt, hoc Iūnōnem uxōrem īrātissimam facit. Ōlim Ēchō Iūnōnī ipsī fābulam nārrābat. Propter fābulam autem Iuppiter sine scientiā uxōris aliam nympham pulcherrimam vidēre potuit. clārus, -a, -um (4) bright; clear; famous possum, posse, potuī (70) to be able ipse, ipsa, ipsum (13) -self; very prīmō (7) at first nōmen, nōminis, n. (10) name scientia, scientiae, f. (4) knowledge 1st Decl. -am = 3rd Decl. -ī = 3rd/3rd -iō Conj. -is = -bat = vōbīs = or -re = 1st Decl. -ā = 3rd Decl. -is = -bō = 3rd Decl. M.F. = 3rd Decl. N. = or 1st Decl. -a = 1st Decl. -ās = eius, eius, eius = ; ;,, 35

36 Echo and Narcissus (Cont.) Rēgīna deōrum marītum Iovem pūnīre numquam poterat, sed nympham pūnīre poterat. Quōmodo? Vōbīs nārrābō. Propter poenam Ēchō verba sua nōn iam fēcit; verba tamen aliōrum reddere poterat. Nunc Ēchō erat maesta quod fābulās nārrāre amābat. Mārcus dīcit, Nōn est iūstum. Nōn erat culpa nymphae ipsīus! culpa, culpae, f. (1) blame, fault numquam (9) never Iuppiter, Iovis, m. (10) iūstus, -a, -um (2) maestus, -a, -um (6) Jupiter (king of the gods) fair sad poena, poenae, f. (2) pūniō, -īre, -īvī (8) reddō, -ere, reddidī (4) punishment to punish to give back, return marītus, marītī, m. (21) husband 1st Decl. -a = 2nd Decl. -ōrum = 2nd Decl. M.(F.) -um = 3rd Decl. M.F. -em = -re = poterat = quōmodo = vōbīs = or -bō = 1st Decl. -am = Neuter -a = or facit fēcit = 1st Decl. -ās = -bat = ipsīus, ipsīus, ipsīus = 36

37 Echo and Narcissus (Cont.) Māter respondet, Intellegō, Mārce, sed ita accidit. Ōlim Ēchō per silvās errābat, ubi subitō iuvenem pulcherrimum vīdit; hic iuvenis bēstiās saevās petēbat et statim Ēchō eum amāre incēpit. Ēchō igitur post eum cucurrit quod eum amābat. Nympha tamen verba facere adhūc nōn potuit. Itaque, ubi rāmum frēgit, Narcissus clāmāvit, Quis adest? Ēchō laetē reddidit, Adest! Narcissus respondit, Venī. Appārēre tē cupiō. Laeta Ēchō iterum reddidit, Tē cupiō! Deinde prō Narcissō appāruit et circum eum bracchia pōnere temptāvit. accidit, -ere, accidit (8) to happen currō, -ere, cucurrī (13) to run adsum, adesse, adfuī (5) to be present, be (here) errō, -āre, -āvī (9) to wander appāreō, -ēre, -uī (14) bēstia, bēstiae, f. (1) bracchium, bracchiī, n. (10) to appear; to show oneself beast, animal arm frangō, -ere, frēgī (1) rāmus, rāmī, m. (3) reddō, -ere, reddidī (4) to break branch to give back, return 37

38 Echo and Narcissus (Cont.) Subitō Narcissus īrātē dīxit, Minimē! Nōn tē cupiō! Ēchō miserē respondit, Tē cupiō. Narcissus statim ā nymphā fūgit et Ēchō ad spēluncam cucurrit et lacrimāre incēpit. Ēchō quidem lacrimābat et lacrimābat et mox nōn iam fuit. Sōla vōx ipsa mānsit. Ēheu nympham miseram! Ita, līberī, vōs vōcem nymphae in spēluncīs et in silvīs audīre potestis. ēheu (4) alas, oh dear maneō, -ēre, mānsī (25) to remain, stay fugiō, -ere, fūgī (13) to flee, escape quidem (18) indeed lacrimō, -āre, -āvī (16) to cry vōx, vōcis, f. (7) voice īrātus īrātē = 3rd Decl. M.F. -em = 3rd -iō/4th Conj. -iō = 1st Decl. -am = miser miserē = 3rd Decl. M.F. = respondet respondit = 1st/2nd Decl. -īs = or incipit incēpit = -re = currit cucurrit = 1st Decl. -a = est fuit = 2nd Decl. M.(F.) -us (-r) = potestis = -bat = 1st Decl. -ae = or or 38

39 Echo and Narcissus (Cont.) Mārcus rogat, Quid Narcissō ipsī accidit? Invēnitne aliam nympham pulcherrimam? Habitāvitne laetē cum illā nymphā? Māter respondet, Minimē, Mārce. Narcissus erat pulcherrimus, scīmus, sed Narcissus Narcissum sōlum amāre poterat. Ōlim in silvā eī aquam bibere necesse erat. Itaque fontem invēnit et, ubi in fontem ipsum spectāvit, in aquā imāginem suam vīdit statimque amāvit. fōns, fontis, m. (3) spring (of water) imāgō, imāginis, f. (2) image quid = -re = invenit invēnit = 2nd Decl. M.(F.) -um = laetus laetē = 2nd Decl. M.(F.) -us (-r) = pulcher pulcherrimus = poterat = 3rd PP -ī -it = 3rd Decl. M.F. -em = 2nd Decl. M.(F.) -us -e = 1st Decl. -ā = 1st Decl. -am = eī, eī, eī = ; ;,, 39

40 Echo and Narcissus (Cont.) Narcissus dīxit, Tē amō quod faciēs tua est tam pulchra. Deinde circum imāginem ipsam bracchia pōnere temptābat, sed frūstrā. Iuvenis pulcher dīxit, Cūr tē tenēre nōn possum? Ubi ego rīdeō, tū rīdēs. Ubi lacrimō, lacrimās. Nōs simul cūncta facimus. Quid accidit? Hic neque bibere neque edere poterat. Post paucōs diēs igitur ē vītā excessit. Dī autem corpus mortuum in flōrem novum mūtāvērunt. Ille flōs erat narcissus. Māter tandem dīxit, Nōlī esse Narcissus, Mārce! Vōs, līberī, estis pulcherrimī quod estis meī. corpus, corporis, n. (14) body meus, -a, -um (54) my, mine diēs (acc.pl.) faciēs (nom.s.) flōs, flōris, m. (11) frūstrā (10) imāgō, imāginis, f. (2) days face flower in vain image narcissus, narcissī, m. (1) neque (10) simul (21) narcissus flower (the flower into which Narcissus was changed) nor, neither at the same time 3rd PP -ī -it = dīcit dīxit = 1st Conj. -ō = 3rd Decl. N. = or 1st Conj. -ās = 2nd Decl. N. -um = or Neuter -a = or 3rd PP -ī -ērunt = 2nd Conj. -eō = nōlī, nōlīte (with infin.) = 2nd Conj. -ēs = 2nd Decl. M.(F.) -us -e = possum = 2nd Decl. M.(F.) -um = eī, eī, eī = ; ;,, 40

41 Ceres and Proserpina Hodiē est frīgidum et sōl nōn lūcet. Līberī igitur in ātriō stant. Pluvia per compluvium in impluvium cadit. Antōnia et Mārcus pluviam spectant et sunt īrātī quod extrā vīllam lūdere nōn possunt. Antōnia flōrēs petere vult et Mārcus pilā lūdere vult. Antōnia mātrem in culīnā invenit et rogat, Cūr tempestās est mala hodiē? Nōn est iūstum! Quid accidit? Māter Vēsōnia respondet, Mediō autumnō tempestās frīgida esse incipit. Mox erit hiems et tempestās erit frīgidissima. autumnus, autumnī, m. (2) fall, autumn lūdō, -ere, lūsī (2) to play compluvium, compluviī, n. (1) hiems, hiemis, f. (4) hodiē (8) (skylight in the ceiling of the atrium) winter today pila, pilae, f. (1) pluvia, pluviae, f. (2) tempestās, tempestātis, f. (13) ball rain weather 2nd Decl. M.(F.) -ī = or 2nd Decl. -ō = or 2nd Decl. N. -um = or sunt = 3rd Decl. M.F. -ēs = or 1st Decl. -ā = 3rd Decl. M.F. = 3rd PP -ī -it = esse = 41

42 Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Ablative Singular Plural Masculine Feminine Neuter Masculine Feminine Neuter eādem eandem īdem idem (x2) eōsdem eaedem eārundem eīdem (x4) eōdem (x2) eiusdem (x3) eadem (x3) eāsdem eīsdem (x6) eōrundem (x2) eundem 1. She is the same nymph from before. (A) īdem (B) eadem (C) eandem (D) idem 2. I saw the same young men earlier. (A) īdem (B) eaedem (C) eōsdem (D) eāsdem 3. You went there with the same soldier. (A) eundem (B) eōdem (C) eīdem (D) eīsdem 4. I told the story to the same boys. (A) eīdem (B) eaedem (C) eōrundem (D) eīsdem 5. This is the swordbelt of the same man. (A) eīdem (B) eōrundem (C) eiusdem (D) eaedem 6. They lived in the same places. (A) eōdem (B) eīsdem (C) eōsdem (D) eundem 7. The same goddesses will arrive later. (A) Eīdem (B) Eaedem (C) Eadem (D) Eāsdem 8. They killed them with the same swords. (A) eōsdem (B) eōdem (C) eīsdem (D) eādem 9. The clothes of the same goddesses are golden. (A) eiusdem (B) eaedem (C) eōrundem (D) eārundem 10. She showed the way to the same slavegirl. (A) eīdem (B) eaedem (C) eandem (D) eīsdem 42

43 Ceres and Proserpina (Cont.) Mārcus quoque ad culīnam venit et idem rogat, Cūr accidit? Vēsōnia dīcit, In ātriō procul ab impluviō mēcum prope ignem sedēte et vōbīs fābulam nārrābō, sī vultis. Antōnia respondet, Ita vērō, sī tibi placet. Tum Vēsōnia fābulam incipit, Cerēs est dea agricultūrae et sōlam fīliam habet. Nōmen fīliae est Prōserpina. Cerēs Prōserpinae dīcēbat, Semper cum amīcīs tuīs manē et nōlī ab eīs errāre. agricultūra, agricultūrae, f. (4) agriculture procul (7) far īdem, eadem, idem (14) the same vultis you (pl.) want ignis, ignis, m. (5) fire 2nd Decl. M.(F.) -us (-r) = tibi = 1st Decl. -am = 3rd Decl. N. = or 2nd Decl. -ō = or 1st/2nd Decl. -īs = or mēcum = 2nd Conj. -ē = 2nd Conj. -ēte = -bat = -bō = nōlī, nōlīte (with infin.) = 1st Decl. -ae = or or 43

44 Present (2nd principal part minus the infinitive ending plus) 1st Conj. 2nd Conj. 3rd Conj. 3rd Conj.-iō 4th Conj. 1st -ō -āmus -eō -ēmus -ō -imus -iō -imus -iō -īmus 2nd -ās -ātis -ēs -ētis -is -itis -is -itis -īs -ītis 3rd -at -ant -et -ent -it -unt -it -iunt -it -iunt Meanings: Simple Present / am, is, are -ing / do, does Imperfect (2nd principal part minus the infinitive ending plus) 1st Conj. 2nd / 3rd Conj. 3rd -iō / 4th Conj. 1st -ābam -ābāmus -ēbam -ēbāmus -iēbam -iēbāmus 2nd -ābās -ābātis -ēbās -ēbātis -iēbās -iēbātis 3rd -ābat -ābant -ēbat -ēbant -iēbat -iēbant Meanings: was, were -ing / used to / kept -ing Future (2nd principal part minus the infinitive ending plus) 1st Conj. 2nd Conj. 3rd Conj. 3rd -iō / 4th Conj. 1st -ābō -ābimus -ēbō -ēbimus -am -ēmus -iam -iēmus 2nd -ābis -ābitis -ēbis -ēbitis -ēs -ētis -iēs -iētis 3rd -ābit -ābunt -ēbit -ēbunt -et -ent -iet -ient Meanings: will, shall 1st 2nd 3rd Active Personal Endings Passive Personal Endings Singular Plural Singular Plural 1st 2nd 3rd 44

45 Active Passive 1. mittit (send) 13. dēlēbō (destroy) 2. tenēbunt (hold) 14. aperiēbās (open) 3. regēs (rule) 15. dīcent (say) 4. portō (carry) 16. iaciēmus (throw) 5. mūtābās (change) 17. interficiēbātis (kill) 6. pūniēmus (punish) 18. inveniam (find) 7. capiēbātis (seize) 19. iubēbitis (order) 8. pōnō (place) 20. legunt (read) 9. cēlābitis (hide) 21. ligās (tie) 10. cōnficiunt (finish) 22. monēbātis (warn) 11. dūcēmus (lead) 23. docet (teach) 12. petēbātis (seek) 24. terrēbimus (frighten) 45

46 Ceres and Proserpina (Cont.) Ōlim tamen Prōserpina in agrīs cum amīcīs suīs ambulābat, ubi procul ab hīs amīcīs errāre cōnstituit quod flōrēs spectāre volēbat. Subitō terra aperuit et ex eādem terrā Plūtō, deus mortuōrum, in currū appāruit. Prōserpina fugere temptāvit, sed frūstrā, quod deus mortuōrum eam celeriter cēpit. Prōserpina, quamquam lacrimābat et cum eō discēdere nōn cupiēbat, in Orcum tamen portābātur. Prōserpina vidēbātur maesta quod in Orcō sōlem lūnamque vidēre nōn iam potuit. ager, agrī, m. (10) field sōl, sōlis, m. (10) sun currū (abl.s.) discēdō, -ere, discessī (16) chariot to depart videō, -ēre, vīdī (52) to see; (pass.) to be seen; to seem lūna, lūnae, f. (1) moon Present Imperfect Future ACTIVE videō, vidēre, vīdī - SEE - 3rd singular PASSIVE 46

47 Ceres and Proserpina (Cont.) Ubi Prōserpina ad tēctum suum nōn revēnit, Cerēs territa vidēbātur. Fīliam suam igitur petere cōnstituit. Dum fīliam suam petit, neque bibit neque ēdit. Tandem deus sōlis eī nūntiāvit, Cum Plūtōne Prōserpina est in Orcō. Posteā Cerēs agricultūram neglegere incēpit quod tam misera erat. In Olympō nōn iam habitābat, sed in terrā. Per ūnum annum agricultūra neglegēbātur: tempestās frīgida esse incipiēbat; nūlla folia erant in arboribus; nūllum frūmentum erat in agrīs; hominēs paene nūllum cibum habēbant; itaque hominēs ē vītā excēdere incipiēbant. cibus, cibī, m. (11) food neglegō, -ere, neglēxī (6) to disregard, neglect folium, foliī, n. (2) leaf paene (4) almost frūmentum, frūmentī, n. (4) grain reveniō, -īre, revēnī (12) to come back Present Imperfect Future neglegō, neglegere, neglēxī - DISREGARD - 3rd plural ACTIVE PASSIVE 47

48 Ceres and Proserpina (Cont.) Ubi Iuppiter hominēs terrae in perīculō vīdit, Mercurium ad eundem locum, ubi rēx mortuōrum Prōserpinam cēlāvit, mīsit. Nūntius deōrum in Orcum ad Plūtōnem et Prōserpinam statim volāvit. Ubi Plūtōnem prope Prōserpinam maestam vīdit, verba Iovis nūntiāvit, Agricultūra neglegitur; hominēs ē vītā excēdunt. Ego, Iuppiter, igitur annum in quattuor partēs dīvidam: quattuor partēs sunt vēr et aestās et autumnus et hiems. aestās, aestātis, f. (1) summer mittō, -ere, mīsī (16) to send autumnus, autumnī, m. (2) fall, autumn nūntius, nūntiī, m. (12) messenger; message cēlō, -āre, -āvī (9) to hide vēr, veris, n. (1) spring (season) dīvidō, -ere, dīvīsī (5) to divide, separate Present Imperfect Future Perfect ACTIVE mittō, mittere, mīsī - SEND - 3rd singular PASSIVE 48

49 Ceres and Proserpina (Cont.) Per octō mēnsēs Prōserpina apud mātrem suam manēbit; itaque tempestās erit calida et folia nova erunt in arboribus et magna cōpia frūmentī erit in agrīs quod Cerēs laetē cum fīliā suā habitābit. Per quattuor mēnsēs Prōserpina in Orcō apud tē tenēbitur; illa erit hiems et tempestās erit frīgida et nihil erit in agrīs quod Cerēs erit misera sine fīliā suā. Antōnia dīcit, Grātiās, māter, nunc ego et Mārcus dē tempestāte intellegimus. apud (3) cōpia, cōpiae, f. (10) (with acc.) at the house of, with supply, abundance folium, foliī, n. (2) intellegō, -ere, intellēxī (3) leaf to understand Present Imperfect Future Perfect mōnstrō, mōnstrāre, mōnstrāvī - ANNOUNCE - 3rd plural ACTIVE PASSIVE 49

50 Relative Pronoun Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Ablative Singular Plural Masculine Feminine Neuter Masculine Feminine Neuter quā quārum quem quō (x2) quī (x2) quae (x4) quās quibus (x6) quōrum (x2) cuius (x3) quam cui (x3) quod (x2) quōs 1. man, whom Cupid wounded, (A) quī (B) quam (C) quem (D) quōs 2. slavegirls, to whom I gave food, (A) ad quam (B) cui (C) quibus (D) ad quās 3. mountain, which impresses me, (A) quī (B) cuius (C) cui (D) quem 4. women, who arrive on time, (A) quae (B) quī (C) quās (D) quibus 5. soldier, whose sword she lost, (A) quī (B) cuius (C) quae (D) quōcum 6. farmers, to whom they showed the way, (A) cui (B) ad quōs (C) quōrum (D) quibus 7. mother, with whom they lived, (A) quō (B) quācum (C) cui (D) quae 8. temples, which the boy saw, (A) quī (B) quae (C) cui (D) quod 9. fathers, with whom I spoke, (A) quōs (B) quōcum (C) quōrum (D) quibuscum 10. beggar, to whom they offered money, (A) cui (B) ad quem (C) quibus (D) ad quōs 50

51 Daedalus and Icarus Pater Antōnius et Mārcus et servus Phaniscus ad thermās, quae nōn sunt procul ab Amphitheātrō Flāviō, ambulant. Antōnius et Mārcus togās praetextās gerunt, sed Phaniscus sōlam tunicam gerit. Phaniscus est servus quī etiam est custōs bonus quod est validus. Ubi prope Circum Maximum adveniunt, Antōnius fīlium monet, Sī tibi placet, mī fīlī, prope nōs manē. Sunt tot hominēs in urbe Rōmā; ego tē procul ā nōbīs errāre vetō! Saepe est perīculōsum in viīs Rōmae ambulāre. Itaque Phaniscum custōdem nōbīscum habēmus. custōs, custōdis, m. (3) guard quī, quae, quod (76) who, which, that moneō, -ēre, -uī (3) to warn thermae, thermārum, f.pl. (2) baths praetextus, -a, -um (2) purple-bordered vetō, -āre, -uī (4) to forbid Present Imperfect Future Perfect moneō, monēre, monuī - WARN - 3rd singular ACTIVE PASSIVE 51

52 Daedalus and Icarus (Cont.) Mārcus respondet, Bene, pater. Cūr haec semper dīcis? Pater respondet, Haec dīcō quod timeō. Eadem verba iterum dīcere nōn cupiō. Mārcus dīcit, Verba tua in memoriā tenēbuntur. Ubi ad Capitōlium adveniunt, Mārcus procul in mediā turbā amīcum Lūcium videt et clāmat, Exspectā mē, Lūcī. Mārcus currit quod amīcum suum invenīre vult. haec (acc.n.pl.) these (things) turba, turbae, f. (2) crowd memoria, memoriae, f. (6) memory Present Imperfect Future Perfect ACTIVE teneō, tenēre, tenuī - HOLD - 3rd plural PASSIVE 52

53 Daedalus and Icarus (Cont.) Pater Antōnius Mārcō clāmat, Nōlī currere, Mārce. Revenī! Sed Mārcus eum nōn audit. Subitō alter vir togam praetextam eius capit et fugit. Ēheu puer miser sōlam tunicam gerit. Neque Lūcius neque pater vidētur; itaque puer miser lacrimat. Statim alter vir Mārcum ā mediā turbā capit. Est Phaniscus! Phaniscus eum tūtum ad patrem celeriter portat. Pater magnā cum īrā clāmat, Nōlī iterum hoc facere! Quid est nōmen tibi? Estne Īcarus? Ego sine tē ad thermās properō quod cum paucīs senātōribus verba facere necesse est. Dūc, Phanisce, Mārcum ad vīllam! alter, altera, alterum (6) other; another; one senātor, senātōris, m. (10) senator īra, īrae, f. (4) anger turba, turbae, f. (2) crowd Present Imperfect Future Perfect ACTIVE capiō, capere, cēpī - TAKE - 3rd singular PASSIVE 53

54 Daedalus and Icarus (Cont.) Ut pater eius discēdit, Mārcus lacrimāre incipit. Tandem Phaniscus dīcit, Nōlī lacrimāre, Mārce. Pater tuus tē cūrāre temptat; tē esse tūtum docet. Dum ad vīllam ambulāmus, cupisne, Mārce, fābulam audīre dē patre fīliōque quī volāre poterant? Mārcus respondet, Bene, Phanisce. Doleō quod pater est tam īrātus. Phaniscus dīcit, Id sciō. Fābulam incipiam. Inventor optimus, cuius nōmen erat Daedalus, labyrinthum magnā cum arte aedificāvit. Ex illō Mīnōtaurus numquam discēdere poterat. Nōnne dē Labyrinthō audīvistī? Mārcus respondet, Minimē, Phanisce. Dē eō numquam audīvī. cūrō, -āre, -āvī (2) to care for labyrinthus, labyrinthī, m. (9) labyrinth, maze inventor, inventōris, m. (1) inventor Present Imperfect Future ACTIVE doceō, docēre, docuī - TEACH - 3rd plural PASSIVE 54

55 Daedalus and Icarus (Cont.) Phaniscus dīcit, Illa fābula posteā nārrābitur. Bene. Fīlius Daedalī erat Īcarus. Pater fīliusque in īnsulā Crētā, quam rēx Mīnōs regēbat, habitābant. In Crētā tamen manēre nōn iam cupiēbant. Ab īnsulā nāvigāre nōn poterant quod ōrae maritimae custōdiēbantur. Itaque Daedalus caelō ā Crētā discēdere cōnstituit. Quōmodo? Per multōs mēnsēs et pater et puer plūrimās pennās avium invēnērunt. Pater hās pennās cērā ad quattuor magnās ālās, quās cum arte fēcerat, ligāvit; nam hīs ālīs pater fīliusque ab īnsulā volāre volēbant. altius too high fēcerat (he, she, it) had made āmittō, -ere, āmīsī (4) avis, avis, f. (3) caelum, caelī, n. (3) cēra, cērae, f. (3) to lose bird sky, heaven wax iter, itineris, n. (28) penna, pennae, f. (3) quandō (3) journey; passage, course feather when custōdiō, -īre, -īvī (3) to guard 55

56 Daedalus and Icarus (Cont.) Deinde Daedalus fīlium docet, Ego tē altius volāre vetō quod cēra propter sōlem āmittētur! Statim volāre nōn poteris. Semper in mediō itinere inter caelum et aquās volā. Mēne audīs? Īcarus respondet, Ita vērō, pater. Quandō volābimus? Daedalus respondet, Nunc, mī fīlī, post mē volā; dux erō. Prīmō magnā cum cūrā Īcarus in mediō itinere post patrem ducem volāvit. Sed mox, quasi avis, altius volāre incēpit et, ut ad sōlem appropinquābat, cēra pennās in ālīs nōn iam tenuit. Statim Īcarus ad aquam cecidit. Daedalus respexit et fīlium suum numquam iterum vīdit quod Īcarus verba patris neglēxit. altius too high quasi (3) as if cūra, cūrae, f. (4) dux, ducis, m. (14) care leader respiciō, -ere, respexī (6) to look back, look back at neglegō, -ere, neglēxī (6) to disregard, neglect 56

57 Theseus and the Minotaur Phaniscus Mārcum rogat, Ita, cūr pater tuus erat īrātus? Mārcus respondet, Erat īrātus quod ego verba eius neglēxī. Propter īram eius adhūc doleō. Phaniscus dīcit, Bene dīxistī. Ad vīllam nōndum advēnimus. Haec est altera fābula. Ōlim in magnā īnsulā Crētā Mīnōtaurus nātus est. Mīnōtaurus corpus hominis et caput taurī habēbat. Ubi Mīnōtaurus quīnque annōs nātus erat, hominēs edere incēpit; rēx Mīnos igitur ad Daedalum appropinquāvit et nūntiāvit, Magnum labyrinthum, in quō Mīnōtaurum claudam, aedificā. Mīnōtaurus ipse ā labyrinthō numquam discēdet et semper ibi habitābit. Postquam Daedalus labyrinthum cum arte fēcit, duo virī validissimī Mīnōtaurum in eum iēcērunt. claudō, -ere, clausī (6) to close; to enclose annōs nātus erat (he, it) was...years old Crēta, Crētae, f. (9) iaciō, -ere, iēcī (5) nātus est Crete (large island south of Greece) to throw (he, it) was born Mīnos, Mīnōis, m. (3) Mīnōtaurus, Mīnōtaurī, m. (13) taurus, taurī, m. (3) (king of Crete) Minotaur bull 57

58 Theseus and the Minotaur (Cont.) Interim fīlius rēgis Crētae in urbe Athēnīs manēbat, sed subitō forte ē vītā excessit. Propter mortem fīliī Mīnōs Aegeum, rēgem Athēnārum, septem puerōs septemque puellās in nāve ad Crētam mittere iussit. Vēla huius nāvis, in quā puerī puellaeque ad magnam īnsulam nāvigābant, erant ātra quod erat signum dolōris. Ubi puerī puellaeque advēnērunt, virī validī illōs in labyrinthum dūxērunt; nam illī erant cibus Mīnōtaurī! Thēseus, fīlius rēgis Aegeī, nūntiāvit, Ego ipse ad Crētam inter iuvenēs nāvigābō. Mīnōtaurus interficiētur; ita puerōs puellāsque ad Crētam mittere nōn iam necesse erit. Aegeus, Aegeī, m. (4) (king of Athens) iubeō, -ēre, iussī (8) to order Athēnae, Athēnārum, f.pl. (6) Athens nāvis, nāvis, f. (45) ship āter, ātra, ātrum (5) black signum, signī, n. (1) sign, mark, signal dolor, dolōris, m. (5) grief, sorrow; pain vēlum, vēlī, n. (7) sail interim (8) meanwhile Present Imperfect Future ACTIVE iubeō, iubēre, iussī - ORDER - 3rd singular PASSIVE 58

59 Theseus and the Minotaur (Cont.) Aegeus fīliō suō dīxit, Mīnōtaurum superā! Priusquam ad urbem Athēnās reveniēs, vēla ātra ad vēla alba mūtā! Vēla alba vītam tuam nūntiābunt; vēla ātra mortem tuam nūntiābunt. Ego eadem verba iterum nōn dīcam. Thēseus respondit, Verba tua in memoriā tenēbuntur. Itaque Thēseus cum comitibus ad Crētam nāvigāvit. Ubi advēnit, Ariadna, fīlia rēgis, eum statim amāre vidēbātur. Quamquam Mīnōtaurus erat frāter eius, Ariadna Thēseum iuvāre cōnstituit. Quōmodo? Tibi nārrābō. Ariadna, Ariadnae, f. (6) Ariadne (Cretan princess) priusquam (1) before comes, comitis, m.f. (3) Present Imperfect Future Perfect companion cōnstituō, cōnstituere, cōnstituī - DECIDE - 3rd plural ACTIVE PASSIVE 59

60 Theseus and the Minotaur (Cont.) Iānuam labyrinthī Ariadna eī ostendit et longissimum fīlum dedit. Thēseus ad iānuam hoc fīlum ligāvit et, dum per labyrinthum errat, Mīnōtaurum petere incēpit. Ubi Mīnōtaurum invēnit, gladiō eum statim interfēcit. Fīlō iānuam iterum invenīre potuit. Postquam Thēseus ē labyrinthō excessit, Ariadnam et comitēs ad nāvem dūxit. Sine morā cūnctī ad urbem Athēnās longum iter incēpērunt. Post multās hōrās ad īnsulam nāvigāvērunt; nam cibum aquamque invenīre necesse erat. fīlum, fīlī, n. (3) thread ostendō, -ere, ostendī (3) to show, display Present Imperfect Future Perfect ACTIVE dō, dare, dedī - GIVE - 3rd plural PASSIVE 60

61 Theseus and the Minotaur (Cont.) Prīmā lūce Thēseus et comitēs iterum sine Ariadnā nāvigāvērunt. Ariadna in memoriā nōn tenēbātur; illa adhūc erat in lītore; adhūc dormiēbat! Dēnique ad lītus Athēnārum nāvigābant et Aegeus procul nāvem vīdit. Quamquam Thēseus erat vīvus, verba patris tamen in memoriā nōn tenēbantur; nam vēla nāvis adhūc erant ātra. Rēx igitur magnō cum dolōre sē interfēcit quod vēla ātra mortem Thēseī nūntiāvērunt. Propter mortem patris Thēseus iam erat rēx novus Athēnārum. lītus, lītoris, n. (16) shore vīvus, -a, -um (2) alive sē (acc.s.) himself Present Imperfect Future Perfect interficiō, interficere, interfēcī - KILL - 3rd plural ACTIVE PASSIVE 61

62 Unit IX Vocabulary Review Nouns labyrinthus, labyrinthī, m. (9) labyrinth, maze ager, agrī, m. (10) field lītus, lītoris, n. (16) shore agricultūra, agricultūrae, f. (4) agriculture marītus, marītī, m. (21) husband ars, artis, f. (8) skill, art memoria, memoriae, f. (6) memory avis, avis, f. (3) bird nāvis, nāvis, f. (45) ship bracchium, bracchiī, n. (10) arm nihil (7) nothing caelum, caelī, n. (3) sky, heaven nōmen, nōminis, n. (10) name cēra, cērae, f. (3) wax nūntius, nūntiī, m. (12) messenger; message certāmen, certāminis, n. (3) contest penna, pennae, f. (3) feather cibus, cibī, m. (11) food pluvia, pluviae, f. (2) rain comes, comitis, m.f. (3) companion poena, poenae, f. (2) punishment compluvium, compluviī, n. (1) cōpia, cōpiae, f. (10) corpus, corporis, n. (14) culpa, culpae, f. (1) cūra, cūrae, f. (4) custōs, custōdis, m. (3) dux, ducis, m. (14) factum, factī, n. (2) fīlum, fīlī, n. (3) flōs, flōris, m. (11) fōns, fontis, m. (3) frūmentum, frūmentī, n. (4) hiems, hiemis, f. (4) iānua, iānuae, f. (10) (skylight in the ceiling of the atrium) supply, abundance body blame, fault care guard leader deed thread flower spring (of water) grain winter door, entrance rāmus, rāmī, m. (3) scientia, scientiae, f. (4) senātor, senātōris, m. (10) senex, senis, m.f. (3) sōl, sōlis, m. (10) tabella, tabellae, f. (3) taurus, taurī, m. (3) tēctum, tēctī, n. (4) tempestās, tempestātis, f. (13) thermae, thermārum, f.pl. (2) vēlum, vēlī, n. (7) verbum, verbī, n. (19) vestis, vestis, f. (16) vulnus, vulneris, n. (3) branch knowledge senator old man, old woman sun (wax) tablet bull roof; house weather baths sail word clothing; (pl.) clothes wound ignis, ignis, m. (5) fire Adjectives/Pronouns īra, īrae, f. (4) anger alter, altera, alterum (6) other; another; one 62

63 āter, ātra, ātrum (5) black cōnficiō, -ere, cōnfēcī (9) to complete, finish calidus, -a, -um (4) warm, hot cūrō, -āre, -āvī (2) to care for clārus, -a, -um (4) bright; clear; famous currō, -ere, cucurrī (13) to run grātus, -a, -um (4) pleasing custōdiō, -īre, -īvī (3) to guard īdem, eadem, idem (14) the same dēbeō, -ēre, -uī (8) ought ille, illa, illud (38) that; he, she, it discēdō, -ere, discessī (16) to depart ipse, ipsa, ipsum (13) -self; very discō, -ere, didicī (3) to learn iūstus, -a, -um (2) fair dīvidō, -ere, dīvīsī (5) to divide, separate maestus, -a, -um (6) sad doceō, -ēre, -uī (7) to teach; to show magnus, -a, -um (91) big, great; loud errō, -āre, -āvī (9) to wander medius, -a, -um (17) middle, middle of fugiō, -ere, fūgī (13) to flee, escape meus, -a, -um (54) my, mine iaciō, -ere, iēcī (5) to throw nātus, -a, -um (5) born; old (in years) intellegō, -ere, intellēxī (3) to understand novus, -a, -um (17) new lacrimō, -āre, -āvī (16) to cry nūllus, -a, -um (7) no moneō, -ēre, -uī (3) to warn praetextus, -a, -um (2) purple-bordered neglegō, -ere, neglēxī (6) to disregard, neglect pulcher, pulchra, pulchrum (63) handsome, beautiful ostendō, -ere, ostendī (3) to show, display quī, quae, quod (76) who, which, that possum, posse, potuī (70) to be able territus, -a, -um (4) frightened pūniō, -īre, -īvī (8) to punish vester, vestra, vestrum (2) your (pl.) reddō, -ere, reddidī (4) to give back, return vīvus, -a, -um (2) alive respiciō, -ere, respexī (6) to look back, look back at Verbs sciō, -īre, -īvī (11) to know accidit, -ere, accidit (8) to happen superō, -āre, -āvī (9) to defeat, surpass adsum, adesse, adfuī (5) to be present, be (here) taceō, -ēre, -uī (2) to be quiet, be silent āmittō, -ere, āmīsī (4) to lose terreō, -ēre, -uī (2) to frighten appāreō, -ēre, -uī (14) cadō, -ere, cecidī (11) cēlō, -āre, -āvī (9) to appear; to show oneself to fall to hide texō, -ere, texuī (5) vetō, -āre, -uī (4) vultis to weave to forbid you (pl.) want claudō, -ere, clausī (6) to close; to enclose 63

64 Miscellaneous prīmō (7) at first apud (3) (with acc.) at the house of, with prō (6) (with abl.) for, for the sake of; in front of autem (13) however; furthermore procul (7) far frūstrā (10) in vain quam (10) how hodiē (8) today quandō (3) when interim (8) meanwhile quasi (3) as if neque (10) nor, neither quidem (18) indeed num (6) surely not satis (3) enough numquam (9) never simul (21) at the same time paene (4) almost subitō (13) suddenly 64

65 Interrogative Pronoun Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Ablative Singular Plural Masculine / Feminine Neuter Masculine Feminine Neuter quō (x2) quārum quibus (x6) quis quōs quae (x3) quās quid (x2) quōrum (x2) cuius (x2) quem cui (x2) quī 1. Whom do you like? (A) Quis (B) Quid (C) Quem (D) Quōrum 2. To whom did Ariadne give the thread? (A) Cui (B) Ad quem (C) Quem (D) Quis 3. With whom is she escaping? (A) Cuius (B) Cui (C) Quō (D) Quōcum 4. What did Daedalus make? (A) Quis (B) Quid (C) Cui (D) Quō 5. Whose brother is the Minotaur? (A) Quis (B) Quō (C) Cuius (D) Quem 6. Quis ad īnsulam Crētam vēnit? (A) What (B) With whom (C) Who (D) Whom 7. Cuius frāter est īrātissimus? (A) Who (B) Whom (C) Whose (D) By whom 8. Quibus hanc pictūram mōnstrābis? (A) Who (B) With whom (C) To whom (D) Whose 9. Quem in forō hodiē vīdistī? (A) To whom (B) From whom (C) Whose (D) Whom 10. Cui pecūniam dabimus? (A) Whom (B) What (C) To whom (D) Who 65

66 Punic Wars Prīmā lūce pater et māter et līberī iēntāculum edunt; pater Antōnius nūntiat, Hodiē ad urbem Rōmam ambulābimus; nam ego et māter vōs paulum dē historiā Rōmae docēre cupimus. Māter Vēsōnia dīcit, Ego nōndum sum parāta! Quid portābō? Quid ibi edēmus? Pater Antōnius respondet, Nihil ā nōbīs portābitur! In viīs Rōmae cibus emētur! Sumus parātī. Prope nōs manēte, līberī. Venī nōbīscum, Phanisce. Nam es servus validus et nōs iuvāre poteris, sī necesse est. ā, ab (82) (with abl.) away from, from; by historia, historiae, f. (1) history emō, -ere, ēmī (2) to buy Present Imperfect Future Perfect ACTIVE emō, emere, ēmī - BUY - 3rd plural PASSIVE 66

67 Punic Wars (Cont.) Cūnctī ā vīllā discēdunt. Ubi ad Viam Appiam adveniunt, pater Antōnius dīcit, Haec est Via Appia ubi sunt tot sepulcra Rōmāna; nam in urbe Rōmā corpora mortua sepelīre nōn licet. Hoc est sepulcrum Scīpiōnum. Ūnus Scīpiō in bellō Pūnicō secundō Carthāginem vīcit. Ego tamen dē causīs bellōrum Pūnicōrum docēbō. Ubi Rōmulus Rōmam condidit, urbs erat minima. Oppida in Italiā ā Rōmānīs vincēbantur; ita Rōma terrās sub imperiō suō augēbat. Carthāgō erat urbs in Āfricā. Carthāgō quoque terrās suās augēbat. Multō ante multī hominēs ā Phoenīciā ad Āfricam nāvigāvērunt et ibi urbem condidērunt. Ita incolae Carthāginis ā Rōmānīs Poenī appellantur. appellō, -āre, -āvī (12) to call, name Pūnicus, -a, -um (7) Punic, Carthaginian augeō, -ēre, auxī (2) Carthāgō, Carthāginis, f. (18) condō, -ere, condidī (2) imperium, imperiī, n. (5) licet, -ēre, -uit (10) Phoenīcia, Phoenīciae, f. (1) to increase Carthage (city in North Africa) to establish, found power, authority to be allowed (original homeland of the Carthaginians) Scīpiō, Scīpiōnis, m. (4) secundus, -a, -um (10) sepeliō, -īre, sepelīvī (2) sepulcrum, sepulcrī, n. (3) vincō, -ere, vīcī (9) (cognōmen of a celebrated family in the gēns Cornēlia) second to bury tomb to conquer Poenus, -a, -um (10) Carthaginian, Phoenician 67

68 Punic Wars (Cont.) Poenī in aquā bene pugnābant, sed male in terrā; nam erant nautae optimī. Rōmānī tamen in terrā bene pugnābant, sed male in aquā; nam erant nautae malī. In bellō Pūnicō prīmō Rōma per vīgintī trēs annōs contrā Carthāginem pugnāvit. Rōmānī in aquā pugnāre didicērunt et tandem Poenōs vincere potuērunt; ita hostēs ā Siciliā discessērunt et īnsula Sicilia erat prōvincia prīma Rōmāna, quae populō Rōmānō magnam cōpiam frūmentī dedit. Postquam Rōmānī et Poenī pācem fēcērunt, Rōma quoque Corsicam et Sardiniam regere incēpit. Rōmānī portās templī Iānī clausērunt. claudō, -ere, clausī (6) to close pāx, pācis, f. (3) peace Corsica, Corsicae, f. (1) (island in the Tyrrhenian Sea north of Sardinia) populus, populī, m. (2) porta, portae, f. (11) people, nation gate hostis, hostis, m. (3) Iānus, Iānī, m. (4) male (2) nauta, nautae, m. (12) enemy Janus (god of doors and beginnings) badly sailor Sardinia, Sardiniae, f. (1) Sicilia, Siciliae, f. (3) vīgintī (2) (island in the Tyrhennian Sea south of Corsica) Sicily twenty 68

69 Punic Wars (Cont.) Māter Vēsōnia dīcit, Mūrōs Rōmae intrāvimus. Prō nōbīs est Circus Maximus. Quid est nōmen illīus montis ubi habitant hominēs quī multam pecūniam habent? Scīsne, Antōnia? Antōnia respondet, Ita. Est mōns Palātīnus. Māter dīcit, Bene, fīlia mea! Nunc dē bellō Pūnicō secundō nārrābō. Hannibal et plūrimī mīlitēs trāns Alpēs cum elephantīs iter fēcērunt et in multīs proeliīs mīlitēs Rōmānōs superāvērunt, sed post septendecim annōs dux Pūblius Cornēlius Scīpiō Poenōs vīcit. Nōnne in memoriā vestrā sepulcrum Scīpiōnum tenētur? Alpēs, Alpium, f.pl. (1) Alps proelium, proeliī, n. (6) battle elephantus, elephantī, m. (1) mōns, montis, m. (16) elephant mountain; hill Scīpiō, Scīpiōnis, m. (4) (cognōmen of a celebrated family in the gēns Cornēlia) mūrus, mūrī, m. (9) wall septendecim (2) seventeen Palātīnus, -a, -um (2) Palatine 69

70 Punic Wars (Cont.) Rōmānī ā Poenīs tōtam classem capere potuērunt. Hispānia nōn iam erat prōvincia Carthāginis; erat prōvincia Rōmāna, quae Rōmānīs magnam cōpiam aurī dedit. Iam Poenī Carthāginem sōlam regēbant. Bene, līberī, hic est alius mōns. Quid, Antōnia, est nōmen illīus montis ubi sunt multa templa et quoque arx Rōmāna? Antōnia dīcit, Nesciō. Scīsne, Mārce? Mārcus respondet, Est Capitōlium ubi templum Iovis Optimī Maximī est, inter alia. arx, arcis, f. (1) citadel, fortress classis, classis, f. (7) fleet aurum, aurī, n. (3) gold Hispānia, Hispāniae, f. (5) Spain Capitōlium, Capitōliī, n. (2) Capitoline Hill nesciō, -īre, -īvī (8) not to know 70

71 Punic Wars (Cont.) Pater dīcit, Bene respondistī, mī fīlī. Nunc dē bellō Pūnicō tertiō nārrāre volō. Rōmānus clārus, cuius cognōmen erat Catō, ōlim dīxit, Carthāgō dēlenda est quod nōn erat pāx vēra inter Carthāginem et Rōmam; itaque Carthāginem dēlēre tempus erat. Prīmō Rōmānī Carthāginem cingere cōnstituērunt et post trēs annōs mūrōs rūpērunt et multōs mīlitēs Poenōs interfēcērunt. Postquam Rōmānī multōs servōs Poenōs accēpērunt, dēnique per septendecim diēs mūrōs et cūncta aedificia urbis igne dēlēvērunt. Propter haec tria bella etiam hodiē Āfrica est prōvincia Rōmāna. Catō, Catōnis, m. (1) cingō, -ere, cīnxī (10) dēlenda est dēleō, -ēre, dēlēvī (5) (Marcus Porcius Cato, Cato the Elder) to surround must be destroyed to destroy rumpō, -ere, rūpī (1) septendecim (2) tertius, -a, -um (3) vērus, -a, -um (5) to break, break down seventeen third true 71

72 Aeneas and Dido Pater dīcit, Nunc in Forō Rōmānō sumus. Ecce vir, quī multōs hominēs dē Dāciā docet, in rōstrīs stat; nam bellum in Dāciā ā prīncipe nostrō geritur. Nōbīs dīcit, Mox nōn erit bellum in Dāciā quod ibi mīlitēs Rōmānī bene pugnant. Portae Iānī claudentur, sed nescit quandō. Antōnia rogat, Sed, māter et pater, cūr Rōma et Carthāgō tria bella gessērunt? Māter respondet, Bene, fīlia mea, nunc ad templum prope Basilicam Aemiliam ambulābimus; nam ibi ego et pater vōbīs fābulam nārrābimus. Dācia, Dāciae, f. (4) gerō, -ere, gessī (20) (ancient Romania and Moldova) to wear, carry; to wage (war); to carry on noster, nostra, nostrum (14) rōstra, rōstrōrum, n.pl. (1) our speakers platform prīnceps, prīncipis, m. (5) emperor 72

73 Interrogative Adjective Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Ablative Singular Plural Masculine Feminine Neuter Masculine Feminine Neuter quā quārum quem quō (x2) quī (x2) quae (x4) quās quibus (x6) quōrum (x2) cuius (x3) quam cui (x3) quod (x2) quōs 1. What god did she see? (A) Quae (B) Quam (C) Quem (D) Quī 2. To what slavegirl did you show the way? (A) Ad quam (B) Cui (C) Quibus (D) Ad quās 3. What temples were here? (A) Quae (B) Cuius (C) Cui (D) Quod 4. What woman s stola is this? (A) Quae (B) Quārum (C) Quī (D) Cuius 5. With what sword did the soldier kill the enemy? (A) Quibus (B) Cuius (C) Cui (D) Quō 6. To what farmers did they give help. (A) Cui (B) Ad quōs (C) Ad quem (D) Quibus 7. With what nymph was Juno talking? (A) Quō (B) Cum quā (C) Cum quibus (D) Quibus 8. In what wars did he fight? (A) quō (B) quem (C) quōs (D) quibus 9. Near what basilica did this happen? (A) quam (B) quem (C) quā (D) quō 10. What general led the soldiers to victory? (A) Cui (B) Quem (C) Quī (D) Quod 73

74 Aeneas and Dido (Cont.) Pater līberōs rogat, Quod templum hīc vidētis? Mārcus respondet, Hoc est templum Iānī. Mox hae portae erunt clausae, spērō. Tum in Dāciā nōn iam erit bellum. Tum Mārcus dīcit, Ego et Antōnia sumus fessī. Possumusne aquam bibere? Māter respondet, Ita vērō. Sī aquam bibere vultis, ibi est fōns. Aqua est bona et frīgida. Antōnia respondet, Grātiās, māter. Ego et Mārcus aquam bibēmus et tum reveniēmus. Līberī sine morā reveniunt, et māter dīcit, Celeriter, līberī, revēnistis. clausus, -a, -um (2) closed spērō, -āre, -āvī (5) to hope fōns, fontis, m. (3) spring (of water), fountain vultis you (pl.) want quī, quae, quod (76) who, which, that; what 74

75 Aeneas and Dido (Cont.) Pater incipit, Ita, Antōnia, causam bellōrum Pūnicōrum discere cupis. Ego et māter dē Aenēā et Dīdōne nārrābimus. Post bellum Troiānum Aenēās, dux Troiānōrum, in lītore multōs cīvēs Troiānōs, quī terram novam in Italiā invenīre volēbant, coēgit. Itaque Troiānī ad multās terrās nāvigāvērunt; nam Italiam petere temptābant, sed frūstrā. Post multōs annōs dum nāvēs Troiānae erant in marī nostrō prope Siciliam, Iūnō, rēgīna deōrum, Troiānīs inimīca, magnam tempestātem mīsit. Ventī igitur nāvēs ad urbem Carthāginem pepulērunt. Aenēās, Aenēae, m. (9) cōgō, -ere, coēgī (7) Dīdō, Dīdōnis, f. (5) discō, -ere, didicī (3) inimīcus, -a, -um (2) (Trojan hero of the Aeneid) to gather (queen of Carthage) to learn unfriendly mare, maris, n. (6) marī (abl.s.) pellō, -ere, pepulī (4) tempestās, tempestātis, f. (13) ventus, ventī, m. (18) sea to drive, drive away weather; storm wind 75

76 Aeneas and Dido (Cont.) Māter rogat, Ā quō deō ventī reguntur? Mārcus respondet, Ventī ab Aeolō reguntur. Māter dīcit, Bene respondistī, mī fīlī. Ubi propter ventōs Aeolī nāvēs ad urbem Carthāginem advēnērunt, rēgīna Dīdō Troiānōs magnō cum gaudiō excēpit. Mox Dīdō ducem Troiānōrum, quem discēdere numquam cupiēbat, amāre incēpit. Post ūnum annum tamen Iuppiter Mercurium, nūntium deōrum, mīsit; nam in urbe Carthāgine manēre Aenēae nōn licēbat; Troiānīs ad Italiam nāvigāre necesse erat. Aeolus, Aeolī, m. (6) (god of the winds) regō, -ere, rēxī (11) to rule, govern; to control 76

77 Aeneas and Dido (Cont.) Pater fīnem fābulae nārrat, Itaque Aenēās nāvēs parāvit, sed cum rēgīnā Carthāginis verba nōn fēcit. Ubi tamen rēgīna dē profectiōne Troiānōrum audīvit, miserrima esse vidēbātur et deinde īrātissima. Dīdō ad ducem Troiānōrum appropinquāvit et multa verba mala fēcit. Aenēās tamen causās profectiōnis docēre temptābat, sed frūstrā quod post profectiōnem Troiānōrum ē vītā excēdere cōnstituit. Sine Aenēā vīvere nōn iam potuit! Dēnique, post mortem rēgīnae, flammae in mediā urbe ascendēbant; nam corpus rēgīnae ārdēbat. Dum Aenēās ab urbe Carthāgine nāvigat, urbem spectāvit et flammās vīdit, sed nesciēbat cūr. ārdeō, -ēre, ārsī (2) to burn dux, ducis, m. (14) leader ascendō, -ere, ascendī (5) to climb; to go up, rise profectiō, profectiōnis, f. (3) departure 77

78 Aeneas and Dido (Cont.) Māter dīcit, Multī crēdunt, etiam hodiē, hanc fābulam esse causam bellōrum Pūnicōrum. Antōnia dīcit, Quam maesta sum quod Dīdō mortem optāvit! Mārcus respondet, Ita vērō, sed Troiānīs ad Italiam nāvigāre necesse erat. Antōnia dīcit, Id sciō, sed sum adhūc maesta. Ita Poenī et Rōmānī erant hostēs. Iam intellegō cūr. crēdō, -ere, crēdidī (14) to believe optō, -āre, -āvī (7) to choose 78

79 Singular / Plural Masculine / Feminine / Neuter Reflexive Pronoun Possible Translations Masculine / Feminine / Neuter Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Ablative of himself, of herself, of itself, of themselves to/for himself, to/for herself, to/for itself, to/for themselves himself, herself, itself, themselves 1. The sailors bought food for themselves. (A) suī (B) sibi (C) sē (acc.) (D) sē (abl.) 2. Antonia saw herself in the mirror. (A) suī (B) sibi (C) sē (acc.) (D) sē (abl.) 3. The slave did it for the sake of himself. (A) suī (B) sibi (C) sē (acc.) (D) sē (abl.) 4. Marcus wants nothing written about himself. (A) suī (B) sibi (C) sē (acc.) (D) sē (abl.) 5. The sailors tried to save themselves. (A) suī (B) sibi (C) sē (acc.) (D) sē (abl.) 6. Juno says these things with herself. (A) suī (B) sibi (C) sē (acc.) (D) sē (abl.) 7. The crazy emperor offered gold to himself. (A) suī (B) sibi (C) sē (acc.) (D) sē (abl.) 8. The soldiers were not able to defend themselves. (A) suī (B) sibi (C) sē (acc.) (D) sē (abl.) 9. The queen gave herself a gift. (A) suī (B) sibi (C) sē (acc.) (D) sē (abl.) 10. They tried to keep the ants away from themselves. (A) suī (B) sibi (C) sē (acc.) (D) sē (abl.) 79

80 Gaius Julius Caesar Māter dīcit, Nunc, līberī meī, ambulāte nōbīscum ad Forum Caesaris; vōbīs statuam Gaiī Iūliī Caesaris ostendere volumus. Deinde Antōnia rogat, Cūr ad Forum Caesaris vōbīscum ambulāmus? Num Aenēās et Gaius Iūlius Caesar sunt propinquī? Māter respondet, Ita vērō, fīlia mea. Fīlius Aenēae erat Iūlus et avia Iūlī erat Venus. Gaius Iūlius Caesar quidem ab Iūlō ipsō dēscendit! avia, aviae, f. (1) grandmother propinquus, propinquī, m. (2) relative dēscendō, -ere, dēscendī (2) to descend volumus we want Present Imperfect Future Perfect ostendō, ostendere, ostendī - SHOW - 3rd plural ACTIVE PASSIVE 80

81 Gaius Julius Caesar (Cont.) Pater parvā vōce sibi dīcit, Id nōn crēdō. Vēsōnia rogat, Quid dīxistī, marīte? Antōnius respondet, Nihil, Vēsōnia. Bene, līberī meī, hīc in mediō forō est statua Iūliī Caesaris; ecce in equō sedet. Caesar erat cōnsul et posteā Pompeius Magnus fīliam Gaiī Iūliī Caesaris in mātrimōnium dūxit. Mārcus Licinius Crassus, quī plūrimam pecūniam habēbat, et Pompeius et Caesar triumvirī esse cōnstituērunt; nam hī trēs virī magnam potentiam habēre volēbant. cōnsul, cōnsulis, m. (5) (one of two Roman co-presidents ), suī, sibi, sē, sē (33) himself, herself, itself; themselves Pompeius, Pompeiī, m. (19) Pompey (nōmen of Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus) Present Imperfect Future Perfect ACTIVE dūcō, dūcere, dūxī - LEAD - 3rd singular PASSIVE 81

82 Perfect (3rd principal part minus -ī plus) S. PL. 1st 2nd 3rd Meanings:,, Pluperfect (3rd principal part minus -ī plus) S. PL. 1st 2nd 3rd Meaning: Future Perfect (3rd principal part minus -ī plus) S. PL. 1st 2nd 3rd Meaning: 82

83 1. they decided cōnstituō, cōnstituere, cōnstituī ( Conj.) 1st 2nd 3rd / s. pl. / Perf. Pluperf. Fut. Perf. 2. you (s.) will have seized capiō, capere, cēpī ( Conj.) 1st 2nd 3rd / s. pl. / Perf. Pluperf. Fut. Perf. 3. I had held teneō, tenēre, tenuī ( Conj.) 1st 2nd 3rd / s. pl. / Perf. Pluperf. Fut. Perf. 4. we have changed mūtō, mūtāre, mūtāvī ( Conj.) 1st 2nd 3rd / s. pl. / Perf. Pluperf. Fut. Perf. 5. you (pl.) will have driven agō, agere, ēgī ( Conj.) 1st 2nd 3rd / s. pl. / Perf. Pluperf. Fut. Perf. 6. you (pl.) had called vocō, vocāre, vocāvī ( Conj.) 1st 2nd 3rd / s. pl. / Perf. Pluperf. Fut. Perf. 7. she has come veniō, venīre, vēnī ( Conj.) 1st 2nd 3rd / s. pl. / Perf. Pluperf. Fut. Perf. 8. we will have sent mittō, mittere, mīsī ( Conj.) 1st 2nd 3rd / s. pl. / Perf. Pluperf. Fut. Perf. 9. they had seen videō, vidēre, vīdī ( Conj.) 1st 2nd 3rd / s. pl. / Perf. Pluperf. Fut. Perf. 10. you (pl.) have killed necō, necāre, necāvī ( Conj.) 1st 2nd 3rd / s. pl. / Perf. Pluperf. Fut. Perf. 11. I will have found inveniō, invenīre, invēnī ( Conj.) 1st 2nd 3rd / s. pl. / Perf. Pluperf. Fut. Perf. 12. she had begun incipiō, incipere, incēpī ( Conj.) 1st 2nd 3rd / s. pl. / Perf. Pluperf. Fut. Perf. 83

84 Gaius Julius Caesar (Cont.) Postquam Caesar fuit cōnsul, prōcōnsul in Galliā esse incēpit. Erat dux et imperātor maximus, crēdō. Propter eum Gallia est sub imperiō Rōmānō; nam post octō annōs is tōtam Galliam vīcit. Vēsōnia dīcit, Post mortem Iūliae, fīliae Caesaris, atque post mortem Crassī Caesar et Pompeius inimīcī esse incipiēbant. Post victōriam Galliae senātus Caesarem in Italiam exercitum dūcere vetuit. Caesar et exercitus eius tamen trāns flūmen Rubicōnem iter fēcērunt; nam contrā Pompeium (et etiam Rōmam!) Caesar bellum gerere cōnstituerat. Cōnsulēs igitur cum Pompeiō senātusque tōtus atque cūnctī cīvēs nōbilēs ex urbe Rōmā fūgērunt et in Graeciam iter fēcērunt. Ibi auxiliō Pompeiī senātus contrā Caesarem bellum parāvit. exercitum (acc.s.) flūmen, flūminis, n. (6) imperātor, imperātōris, m. (1) army river commander Rubicō, Rubicōnis, m. (1) Rubicon (river on the east coast of Italy forming a boundary between Italy and Gaul) inimīcus, inimīcī, m. (1) enemy senātus (nom.s.) senate nōbilēs (nom.pl.) plūrimus, -a, -um potentia, potentiae, f. (3) prōcōnsul, prōcōnsulis, m. (2) high-born, noble very much power governor triumvir, triumvirī, m. (2) vetō, -āre, -uī (4) victōria, victōriae, f. (4) (member of a threeman rule) to forbid victory 84

85 Gaius Julius Caesar (Cont.) Caesar cum mīlitibus urbem Rōmam vacuam intrāvit et dictātōrem sē fēcit. Posteā Caesar cum mīlitibus suīs in Hispāniam magnum iter fēcit. Ubi exercitus Caesaris advēnit, mīlitēs, quōrum dux Pompeius abierat, impetum facere incēpērunt. Interim aliī mīlitēs Caesaris multās nāvēs aedificāvērunt quod Pompeius magnam classem nāvium habēbat. Post magnam victōriam in Hispāniā Caesar et mīlitēs eius ad Graeciam nāvibus novīs nāvigāvērunt quod ibi in Pompeium impetum facere volēbant. abeō, abīre, abiī (5) to go away impetum (acc.s.) attack exercitus (nom.s.) army vacuus, -a, -um (1) empty Present Imperfect Future Perfect Pluperfect Future Perfect aedificō, aedificāre, aedificāvī - BUILD - 3rd singular ACTIVE PASSIVE 85

86 Gaius Julius Caesar (Cont.) Pompeius tamen classem Caesaris superāvit, sed Caesar et mīlitēs eius ibi mānsērunt. Mīlitēs Caesaris quidem in campō proeliī bene pugnāverant, sed mīlitēs Pompeiī tamen eōs vīcērunt. Posteā mīlitēs Caesaris trāns altōs montēs iter fēcērunt. Mīlitēs Pompeiī autem post eōs iter fēcērunt. Ubi duo exercitūs ad oppidum Pharsalum advēnērunt, Caesar exercitum Pompeiī superāvit, sed Pompeius ad Aegyptum fūgit. Aegyptus, Aegyptī, f. (12) Egypt exercitūs (nom.pl.) armies campus, campī, m. (3) field, plain Pharsālus, Pharsālī, f. (1) (city in Thessaly) exercitum (acc.s.) army Present Imperfect Future Perfect Pluperfect Future Perfect vincō, vincere, vīcī - CONQUER - 3rd plural ACTIVE PASSIVE 86

87 Gaius Julius Caesar (Cont.) Antōnius dīcit, Tandem Caesar cum multīs mīlitibus ad Aegyptum nāvigāvit. Postquam advēnērunt, Aegyptiī nūntiāvērunt, Pompeius est mortuus; ecce tibi caput Pompeiī damus! Caesar uxōrī caput eius reddidit; nam vērō uxor eius id sepelīre volēbat. Antōnia lacrimāre incipit. Vēsōnia clāmat, Antōnia octō annōs nātus est! Num dē capite Pompeiī nārrāre necesse erat? Aegyptiī, Aegyptiōrum, m.pl. (1) Egyptians sepeliō, -īre, sepelīvī (2) to bury reddō, -ere, reddidī (4) Present Imperfect Future Perfect Pluperfect Future Perfect to give back, return nūntiō, nūntiāre, nūntiāvī - ANNOUNCE - 3rd singular ACTIVE PASSIVE 87

88 Gaius Julius Caesar (Cont.) Pater respondet, Doleō, Vēsōnia et Antōnia. Reliqua fābula nārrābitur, sed posteā. Māter nūntiat, Bene, deinde ad templum Veneris ambulābimus et ibi dē Venere nārrābō. Antōnia adhūc lacrimās in oculīs habet, sed dēnique rogat, Cūr dē Venere nārrāre cupis? Māter respondet, Bene, Gaius Iūlius Caesar ā Venere dēscendit et sanguinem dīvīnum habēbat et aliam fābulam nārrāre necesse est. lacrima, lacrimae, f. (6) reliquus, -a, -um (11) tear(drop) remaining, other Venus, Veneris, f. (35) (goddess of love and beauty) Present Imperfect Future Perfect Pluperfect Future Perfect ACTIVE nārrō, nārrāre, nārrāvī - TELL - 3rd plural PASSIVE 88

89 Personal Pronouns Singular Plural Singular Plural Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Ablative ego meī mihi nōs (x2) vōs (x2) mē (x2) nōbīs (x2) tuī nostrum tibi vōbīs (x2) tū vestrum tē (x2) 1. Fīlius meus mihi multa dabit. 1. to me 3. about me 2. by me 4. with me 2. Amīca mea vōbīs multa dederat. 1. to you 3. by you 2. about you 4. with you 3. Māter nōs vidēre vult. 1. you 3. us 2. me 4. her 4. Vōs estis puerī īrātī. 1. We 3. They 2. You 4. I 5. Dā nōbīs multam aquam. 1. of us 3. with us 2. from us 4. to us 6. Venīte nōbīscum ad Forum. 1. with us 3. us 2. to us 4. for us 7. Dī vōbīs cibum dabunt. 1. of you 3. by you 2. to you 4. from you 8. Mē servāre nōn possum. 1. I 3. you 2. myself 4. yourself 9. Trēs deae ad vēnērunt. 1. ego 3. meī 2. mihi 4. mē 10. Mīles bonus viam mōnstrāverat. 1. vōbīs 3. tē 2. tuī 4. vōs 11. Rōmānī sumus. 1. Tū 3. Ego 2. Nōs 4. Vōs 12. amīcam vidēbis. 1. Ego 3. Nōs 2. Tū 4. Vōs 13. ad Forum curram. 1. Ego 3. Nōs 2. Tū 4. Vōs 14. Multī servī cum labōrābunt. 1. tū 3. tuī 2. tibi 4. tē 15. Dē nihil audīveram. 1. vōs 3. vestrī 2. vestrum 4. vōbīs 16. Gallus sum. 1. Tū 3. Ego 2. Nōs 4. Vōs 89

90 Cupid and Psyche Māter incipit, Hīc, līberī, templum Veneris vidēmus. Mārcus clāmat, Dē Venere et amōre fābulās audīre nōn cupiō. Māter respondet, Doleō quod tū haec dīxistī, sed haec fābula audiētur! Ōlim erat rēx quī trēs fīliās habēbat. Sine dubiō hae fīliae erant pulchrae, sed Psȳchē erat pulcherrima. Ut Psȳchē per viās ambulābat, hominēs propter pulchritūdinem eius eam laudābant atque eī flōrēs dabant. Templa et ārās Veneris neglegere incipiēbant quod Psȳchē erat tam pulchra. amor, amōris, m. (5) love pulchritūdō, pulchritūdinis, f. (3) beauty āra, ārae, f. (4) altar Present Imperfect Future ACTIVE audiō, audīre, audīvī - HEAR - 3rd plural PASSIVE 90

91 Cupid and Psyche (Cont.) Ubi Venus haec cognōvit, erat īrātissima et virginem pulchram pūnīre cupiēbat. Itaque Cupīdinem, fīlium suum vocāvit et nūntiāvit, Iuvā mē, mī fīlī. Propter virginem pulchram ego ab hominibus nōn iam laudor. Sagittā aureā cōge hanc virginem mōnstrum amāre. Psȳchē ita pūniētur. Hoc erat cōnsilium: dum virgō dormit, Cupīdō sagittā aureā eam vulnerābit, sed illa in somnō manēbit. Deinde hanc ad montēs, ubi mōnstrum habitat, portābit. Tandem mōnstrum ē somnō virginem miseram excitābit et statim illa id mōnstrum amābit. cōgō, -ere, coēgī (7) cōnsilium, cōnsiliī, n. (8) Cupīdō, Cupīdinis, m. (17) to gather; to force, compel plan; advice Cupid (god of love) sagitta, sagittae, f. (8) somnus, somnī, m. (5) virgō, virginis, f. (7) arrow sleep young woman, maiden excitō, -āre, -āvī (4) to awaken, wake up; to rouse 1st 2nd 3rd Active Personal Endings Passive Personal Endings Singular Plural Singular Plural 1st 2nd 3rd 91

92 Cupid and Psyche (Cont.) Sine morā Cupīdō ad Psȳchēn volāvit, sed, ubi hanc virginem pulcherrimam vīdit, hoc opus cōnficere paene nōn cupiēbat. Dum ad eam appropinquat, sagittā aureā forte sē vulnerāvit. Psȳchēn pūnīre nōn iam cupiēbat; nam eam amāre incipiēbat. Magnō cum dolōre ab amōre suō volāvit. Quōmodo sine eā vīvet? Nunc, quamquam Psȳchē erat adhūc pulcherrima, nēmō eam in mātrimōnium dūcere volēbat. Interim duae sorōrēs marītōs habēbant et laetissimae erant. Rēx et rēgīna dē fīliā pulcherrimā sē rogābant: Cūr fīlia nostra nōn iam laudātur? Quis eam in mātrimōnium dūcet? Quōmodo dē futūrō eius cognōscēmus? cognōscō, -ere, cognōvī (10) futūrum, futūrī, n. (1) to learn, learn about; to find out future opus, operis, n. (4) Psȳchēn (acc.s.) work, task Present Imperfect Future perdō, perdere, perdidī - DESTROY - 3rd plural ACTIVE PASSIVE 92

93 eō, īre, iī - to go 1st eō 1st īmus 2nd īs 2nd ītis (PRESENT) 3rd it 3rd eunt 1st ībam 1st ībāmus 2nd ībās 2nd ībātis (IMPERFECT) 3rd ībat 3rd ībant 1st ībō 1st ībimus 2nd ībis 2nd ībitis (FUTURE) 3rd ībit 3rd ībunt 1. īmus 2. ībat 3. ībitis 4. īs 5. ībō 6. ībant 7. eō 8. ībāmus 9. ībis 10. it 11. ībam 12. ībit 13. ībātis 14. ītis 15. ībimus 16. ībās 17. ībunt 18. eunt 93

94 Cupid and Psyche (Cont.) Itaque rēx in rēgnō suō ad ōrāculum iit. Ōrāculum nūntiāvit, Dūc tēcum fīliam ad summum montem; ibi mōnstrum erit marītus eius. Sine morā rēx et rēgīna multīs cum lacrimīs Psȳchēn ad summum montem dūxērunt et ibi relīquērunt. Subitō ventus ad vallem pulchram eam portāvit. Ecce in mediīs flōribus stābat magna rēgia, cuius tēctum columnīs aureīs sustinēbātur. Ubi ea rēgiam intrāvit, servae, quās vidēre nōn poterat, cibum aquamque dedērunt et multīs modīs eam iūvērunt. columna, columnae, f. (1) column summus, -a, -um (2) highest, greatest; top of eō, īre, iī (10) to go sustineō, -ēre, -uī (1) to hold up modus, modī, m. (6) way, manner tēctum, tēctī, n. (4) roof; house Psȳchēn (acc.s.) vallēs, vallis, f. (2) valley relinquō, -ere, relīquī (15) to leave (behind), abandon Present Imperfect Future Perfect Pluperfect Future Perfect LATIN eō, īre, iī - GO - 3rd singular ENGLISH TRANSLATION 94

95 Cupid and Psyche (Cont.) Post cēnam ad cubiculum suum īre cōnstituit et, postquam in lectō iacuit, sine morā dormiēbat. Mediā nocte vōx pulchra, quae eam ē somnō excitāverat, nūntiāvit, Sum marītus tuus. Haec rēgia est tua. Faciem meam spectāre nōn licet. Nōlī temptāre! Posteā nocte Cupīdō et Psȳchē in eōdem lectō iacēbant. Psȳchē faciem eius spectāre numquam temptābat et diū erat laetissima. Ūnā nocte Cupīdō uxōrī dīxit, Sorōrēs tuae ad montem, in quō parentēs tuī tē relīquērunt, eunt; nam ibi dē morte tuā lacrimāre cupiunt. Eās vidēre nōn dēbēs; nam eae mātrimōnium nostrum perdere temptābunt. eō, īre, iī (10) to go nocte at night faciem (acc.s.) face perdō, -ere, perdidī (2) to ruin, destroy iaceō, -ēre, -uī (5) to lie (down) Present Imperfect Future Perfect Pluperfect Future Perfect LATIN eō, īre, iī - GO - 3rd plural ENGLISH TRANSLATION 95

96 Irregular Verb FERŌ ferō ferre tulī Present Active Imperfect Active Future Active 1st 2nd 3rd Present Passive Imperfect Passive Future Passive 1st 2nd 3rd 1. ferimus 2. ferēbat 3. fers 4. ferētis 5. ferēbant 6. ferar 7. ferō 8. ferēbāminī 9. ferēs 10. ferentur 11. fertur 12. fert 13. ferēbam 14. ferent 15. ferēbātis 16. fertis 17. ferimur 18. ferēbās 19. feret 20. feram 21. ferēbāmur 22. ferēmus Present Imperative Positive Present Imperative Negative * * bring (s.) bring (pl.) don t bring (s.) don t bring (pl.) 96

97 Cupid and Psyche (Cont.) Psȳchē lacrimāre incipiēbat et dēsinere nōn poterat. Dēnique Cupīdō dīxit, Tibi sorōrēs vidēre licet. Ubi sorōrēs ad montem, in quō parentēs Psȳchēn relīquerant, advēnērunt, ventus celeriter eās ad vallem pulchram tulit. Sorōrēs, simul atque Psȳchēn vīdērunt, erant laetissimae quod ea erat adhūc vīva. Psȳchē dīxit, Ego et marītus meus in hāc rēgiā habitāmus. Ego etiam plūrimās servās, quae multa ad mē ferunt, habeō. Nocte ego et marītus meus in eōdem lectō iacēmus, sed eum spectāre nōn licet. dēsinō, -ere, dēsiī (1) to cease, stop Psȳchēn (acc.s.) ferō, ferre, tulī (20) to bring, carry vīvus, -a, -um (2) alive Present Imperfect Future Perfect Pluperfect Future Perfect relinquō, relinquere, relīquī - LEAVE - 3rd singular ACTIVE PASSIVE 97

98 Cupid and Psyche (Cont.) Ūna soror dīxit, Marītus tuus est mōnstrum. Eum spectāre necesse est; ita vērum cognōscēs! Sī est mōnstrum, id mōnstrum necāre dēbēs! Ecce pugiō! Prīmō Psȳchē nōn crēdēbat marītum esse mōnstrum, sed vērum cognōscere necesse erat. Illā nocte igitur, dum marītus dormit, ē cubiculō excessit; nam lucernam invenīre necesse erat. Ubi ad cubiculum revēnit, lucernam suprā marītum in dextrā tenēbat. Marītus eius nōn erat mōnstrum; vir pulcher esse vidēbātur! Subitō paulum oleī lucernae in marītum cecidit et eum vulnerāvit. Statim oleum calidum Cupīdinem ē somnō excitāvit et Cupīdō sine verbō uxōrem relīquit. cognōscō, -ere, cognōvī (10) dextra, dextrae, f. (3) lucerna, lucernae, f. (3) to learn, learn about; to find out right hand lantern pugiō, pugiōnis, m. (3) suprā (3) vērum, vērī, n. (2) dagger (with acc.) above, over truth oleum, oleī, n. (2) oil 98

99 Venus Tests Psyche Mārcus mātrem rogat, Quid Psȳchae accidit? Māter Vēsōnia respondet, Quid? Cupisne dē amōre audīre? Nōnne aliam fābulam audīre cupis? Mārcus dīcit, Minimē, māter, fīnem fābulae audīre cupiō. Māter incipit, Bene, Psȳchē magnopere dolēbat et per multās terrās errābat. Tandem ad templum Veneris advēnit et intrāre cōnstituit. Quam īrāta Venus erat quod Psȳchē erat uxor Cupīdinis! Ad Psȳchēn igitur appropinquāvit et nūntiāvit, Sī amōrem marītī tuī merēre cupis, tria difficillima opera cōnficere dēbēs. Psȳchē respondit, Bene, dea pulcherrima, tria difficillima opera cōnficientur; nam marītum meum magnopere amō. difficillimus, -a, -um very difficult Psȳchae (dat.s.) mereō, -ēre, -uī (3) to deserve 99

100 Venus Tests Psyche (Cont.) Dea Venus igitur Psȳchēn sēcum ad maximum acervum dūxit et dīxit, Hic est magnus acervus sēminum; ante noctem dīvide ea sēmina in minōrēs acervōs. Postquam Venus discessit, Psȳchē statim lacrimāvit. Cupīdō autem, quī adhūc uxōrem sēcrētō spectābat, eam iuvāre cōnstituit. Itaque plūrimās formīcās mīsit; nam hae formīcae plūrima sēmina dīvidere certē poterant. Ante noctem quidem formīcae labōrem magnō cum cūrā cōnfēcērunt et sine morā discessērunt. acervus, acervī, m. (3) heap, pile minōrēs smaller certē (2) certainly sēmen, sēminis, n. (5) seed labor, labōris, m. (2) work, labor, effort Present Imperfect Future Perfect Pluperfect Future Perfect ACTIVE dūcō, dūcere, dūxī - LEAD - 3rd plural PASSIVE 100

101 Venus Tests Psyche (Cont.) Nocte Venus appāruit et magnā cum īrā rogāvit, Quōmodo tū haec sēmina dīvidere potuistī? Nūllō modō tū sōlus hunc labōrem cōnfēcistī. Fīlium meum Cupīdinem nōn merēs! Psȳchē tamen nihil dīxit. Venus Psȳchae clāmāvit, Vidēsne ovēs in illō agrō lātō? Illae ovēs vellera aurea habent. Properā ad illum agrum et cape ā tergīs trēs floccōs. Cavē, Psȳchē; nam illae ovēs sunt ācerrimae; illae tē aut vulnerāre aut necāre possunt! ācer, ācris, ācre (2) fierce labor, labōris, m. (2) work, labor, effort aut (9) or, either ovis, ovis, f. (12) sheep caveō, -ēre, cāvī (1) to beware, beware of tergum, tergī, n. (3) back floccus, floccī, m. (4) tuft (of wool) vellus, velleris, n. (1) fleece lātus, -a, -um (4) wide, broad 101

102 Venus Tests Psyche (Cont.) Ubi Psȳchē ad illum agrum lātum advēnit, ibi erant mīlle ovēs ācerrimae. Sē rogāvit, Quōmodo trēs floccōs aureōs capiam? Deinde arborem, quae rāmōs prope terram habēbat, vīdit. Ecce erant multī floccī aureī in rāmīs! Itaque, postquam ovēs procul ab arbore errāvērunt, fēmina pulcherrima statim trēs floccōs aureōs cēpit et ad Venerem eōs tulit. Venus iterum īrāta clāmāvit, Auxilium accēpistī! Quōmodo hoc fēcistī? Fīlium meum Cupīdinem adhūc nōn merēs! Psȳchē iterum nihil dīxit. Dēnique Venus nūntiāvit, Cape hanc arcam et properā ad Prōserpinam in Orcō; nam paulum unguentī, quō rēgīna Orcī pulchritūdinem suam servat, dēsīderō. Nēmō tē iuvāre poterit. ācer, ācris, ācre (2) fierce pulchritūdō, pulchritūdinis, f. (3) beauty mīlle (pl.: mīlia) (6) thousand unguentum, unguentī, n. (3) ointment 102

103 Venus Tests Psyche (Cont.) Psȳchē nōn lacrimāvit, sed Orcum per spēluncam intrāvit. Ubi Charontem vīdit, rogāvit, Sum in Orcō propter iussa Veneris. Sī tibi placet, fer mē trāns flūmen Stygem. Charōn libenter eam trāns flūmen tulit. Deinde Psȳchē ad rēgiam Prōserpinae appropinquāvit. Prōserpina prō iānuā appāruit et rogāvit, Cūr hīc in Orcō es? Tū mortua esse nōn vidēris. Psȳchē territa nūntiāvit, Venus paulum unguentī, quō pulchritūdinem tuam servās, dēsīderat. Haec est arca quam Venus mihi dedit. iussum, iussī, n. (1) order Styx, Stygis, f. (2) (chief river of the Underworld) Present Imperfect Future Perfect Pluperfect Future Perfect relinquō, relinquere, relīquī - LEAVE - 3rd singular ACTIVE PASSIVE 103

104 Venus Tests Psyche (Cont.) Prōserpina in arcā unguentum posuit et nūntiāvit, Sine morā cape hanc arcam ad Venerem et nōlī arcam aperīre. Psȳchē rēgīnae maximās grātiās agit et discēdit. Postquam trāns flūmen ā Charonte iterum fertur, fēmina cūriōsa arcam aperit. Statim ad terram cadit et quasi mortua dormit. Ubi Cupīdō hoc cognōscit, ad Psȳchēn volat et uxōrem suam ē somnō excitat. cūriōsus, -a, -um (1) curious quasi (3) as if Psȳchēn (acc.s.) Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Ablative rēgīna, rēgīnae, f. flūmen, flūminis, n. Singular Plural Singular Plural 104

105 Venus Tests Psyche (Cont.) Tandem Cupīdō dīxit, Venī mēcum, uxor, ad Olympum. Postquam advēnērunt, Cupīdō Iovem rogāvit, Sī tibi placet, in eōdem locō habitāre dēsīderāmus. Psȳchē tamen nōn est dea. Nōnne nōs iuvāre potes? Itaque Iuppiter Psȳchae ambrōsiam dedit. Simul atque fēmina pulcherrima eam ēdit, ē vītā excēdere nōn iam poterat. Posteā Venus, quae fuerat tam īrāta, iam Psȳchēn amāre incipiēbat. Nunc, līberī, Cupīdō et Psȳchē in Olympō habitant et sunt laetissimī! ambrōsia, ambrōsiae, f. (1) (food of the gods) Psȳchēn (acc.s.) Present Imperfect Future Perfect Pluperfect Future Perfect incipiō, incipere, incēpī - BEGIN - 3rd singular ACTIVE PASSIVE 105

106 Unit X Vocabulary Review Nouns mōns, montis, m. (16) mountain; hill Aegyptus, Aegyptī, f. (12) Egypt mūrus, mūrī, m. (9) wall Aenēās, Aenēae, m. (9) Aeolus, Aeolī, m. (6) amor, amōris, m. (5) āra, ārae, f. (4) aurum, aurī, n. (3) campus, campī, m. (3) Capitōlium, Capitōliī, n. (2) (Trojan hero of the Aeneid) (god of the winds) love altar gold field, plain Capitoline Hill nauta, nautae, m. (12) oleum, oleī, n. (2) opus, operis, n. (4) ovis, ovis, f. (12) pāx, pācis, f. (3) populus, populī, m. (2) porta, portae, f. (11) potentia, potentiae, f. (3) sailor oil work, task sheep peace people, nation gate power classis, classis, f. (7) fleet prīnceps, prīncipis, m. (5) emperor cōnsilium, cōnsiliī, n. (8) plan; advice prōcōnsul, prōcōnsulis, m. (2) governor cōnsul, cōnsulis, m. (5) dextra, dextrae, f. (3) Dīdō, Dīdōnis, f. (5) dux, ducis, m. (14) flūmen, flūminis, n. (6) fōns, fontis, m. (3) (one of two Roman co-presidents ) right hand (queen of Carthage) leader river spring (of water), fountain proelium, proeliī, n. (6) profectiō, profectiōnis, f. (3) pugiō, pugiōnis, m. (3) pulchritūdō, pulchritūdinis, f. (3) rōstra, rōstrōrum, n.pl. (1) sagitta, sagittae, f. (8) sēmen, sēminis, n. (5) battle departure dagger beauty speakers platform arrow seed hostis, hostis, m. (3) enemy sepulcrum, sepulcrī, n. (3) tomb Iānus, Iānī, m. (4) imperium, imperiī, n. (5) labor, labōris, m. (2) lacrima, lacrimae, f. (6) lucerna, lucernae, f. (3) Janus (god of doors and beginnings) power, authority work, labor, effort tear(drop) lantern somnus, somnī, m. (5) tēctum, tēctī, n. (4) tempestās, tempestātis, f. (13) tergum, tergī, n. (3) triumvir, triumvirī, m. (2) sleep roof; house weather; storm back (member of a threeman rule) mare, maris, n. (6) sea ventus, ventī, m. (18) wind modus, modī, m. (6) way, manner Venus, Veneris, f. (35) (goddess of love and beauty) 106

107 vērum, vērī, n. (2) truth augeō, -ēre, auxī (2) to increase victōria, victōriae, f. (4) victory caveō, -ēre, cāvī (1) to beware, beware of virgō, virginis, f. (7) Adjectives/Pronouns ācer, ācris, ācre (2) clausus, -a, -um (2) inimīcus, -a, -um (2) lātus, -a, -um (4) mīlle (pl.: mīlia) (6) noster, nostra, nostrum (14) Poenus, -a, -um (10) Pūnicus, -a, -um (7) quī, quae, quod (76) reliquus, -a, -um (11) secundus, -a, -um (10) septendecim (2) summus, -a, -um (2) young woman, maiden fierce closed unfriendly wide, broad thousand our Carthaginian, Phoenician Punic, Carthaginian who, which, that; what remaining, other second seventeen highest, greatest; top of, suī, sibi, sē, sē (33) himself, herself, itself; themselves tertius, -a, -um (3) vērus, -a, -um (5) vīgintī (2) vīvus, -a, -um (2) Verbs abeō, abīre, abiī (5) appellō, -āre, -āvī (12) ārdeō, -ēre, ārsī (2) ascendō, -ere, ascendī (5) third true twenty alive to go away to call, name to burn to climb; to go up, rise cingō, -ere, cīnxī (10) claudō, -ere, clausī (6) cognōscō, -ere, cognōvī (10) cōgō, -ere, coēgī (7) crēdō, -ere, crēdidī (14) dēleō, -ēre, dēlēvī (5) dēscendō, -ere, dēscendī (2) discō, -ere, didicī (3) emō, -ere, ēmī (2) eō, īre, iī (10) excitō, -āre, -āvī (4) ferō, ferre, tulī (20) gerō, -ere, gessī (20) iaceō, -ēre, -uī (5) licet, -ēre, -uit (10) mereō, -ēre, -uī (3) nesciō, -īre, -īvī (8) optō, -āre, -āvī (7) pellō, -ere, pepulī (4) reddō, -ere, reddidī (4) regō, -ere, rēxī (11) relinquō, -ere, relīquī (15) sepeliō, -īre, sepelīvī (2) spērō, -āre, -āvī (5) to surround to close to learn, learn about; to find out to gather; to force, compel to believe to destroy to descend to learn to buy to go to awaken, wake up; to rouse to bring, carry to wear, carry; to wage (war); to carry on to lie (down) to be allowed to deserve not to know to choose to drive, drive away to give back, return to rule, govern; to control to leave (behind), abandon to bury to hope 107

108 vetō, -āre, -uī (4) vincō, -ere, vīcī (9) to forbid to conquer Miscellaneous ā, ab (82) (with abl.) away from, from; by aut (9) certē (2) male (2) quasi (3) suprā (3) or, either certainly badly as if (with acc.) above, over 108

109 Third Declension Adjectives Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Ablative Singular Plural Masculine Feminine Neuter Masculine Feminine Neuter -ēs (x4) -em (x2) -e (x2) -is (x4) -ia (x2) -ium (x3) -ī (x6) -ibus (x6) 1. I heard about the brave man. (A) fortis (B) forte (C) fortī (D) fortibus 2. These women are not sad. (A) trīstis (B) trīstēs (C) trīstī (D) trīstibus 3. Such stories upset Marcus. (A) tālēs (B) tālis (C) tālium (D) tālibus 4. The soldier killed the enemy with a heavy sword. (A) gravis (B) grave (C) gravibus (D) gravī 5. Brave Boudicca fought with the Romans. (A) fortia (B) fortēs (C) fortis (D) forte 6. The voices of all the senators were loud. (A) omnium (B) omnis (C) omnibus (D) omnem 7. The battle was not serious. (A) grave (B) gravī (C) gravēs (D) gravium 8. They brought gifts into huge temples. (A) ingēns (B) ingentia (C) ingentibus (D) ingentī 9. I spoke with such children. (A) tālium (B) tālēs (C) tālibus (D) tālī 10. She told the story to all the students. (A) ad omnem (B) ad omnēs (C) omnī (D) omnibus 109

110 Death of Caesar Pater nūntiat, Ad templum Dīvī Iūliī in Forō Rōmānō ībimus. Ibi cibum emam et posteā prandēbimus. Servus Phaniscus et pater Antōnius cibum ad mātrem et līberōs tulērunt. Deinde, omnēs, etiam Phaniscus, prope templum prandērunt. Omnēs sunt laetī quod hodiē sōl lūcet et nōn est frīgidum. Post prandium, Antōnius nūntiat, Nunc reliqua fābula dē Caesare nārrābitur. Māter nūntiat, Ego et Antōnia tālem fābulam audīre in animō nōn habēmus. Ad montem Palātīnum ībimus. Ibi amīcās meās vidēbimus, spērō. dīvus, -a, -um (1) divine omnis, -e (32) all, every emō, -ere, ēmī (2) to buy prandeō, -ēre, prandī (3) to have lunch lūcet, -ēre, -uit (4) to shine tālis, -e (4) such Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Ablative cibus, cibī, m. prandium, prandiī, n. Singular Plural Singular Plural 110

111 Death of Caesar (Cont.) Pater respondet, Bene, uxor mea. Phaniscus custōs fortis vōbīscum ībit; nam vōs ab eō custōdiēminī. Antōnia dīcit, Grātiās, pater, mox iterum conveniēmus. Pater incipit, Haec est reliqua fābula, mī fīlī. Post paucōs annōs Caesar ipse maximam potestātem habēbat. Ante mortem eius multī senātōrēs Caesarem dictātōrem in perpetuum fēcērunt. Aliī senātōrēs tamen timēbant quod Caesarem esse rēgem nōn cupiēbant. Hī senātōrēs igitur Caesarem interficere cōnstituērunt. Quandō? Ubi? Quōmodo? Tibi, Mārce, nārrābō! conveniō, -īre, convēnī (4) to come together, meet in perpetuum into perpetuity, forever custōs, custōdis, m. (3) guard potestās, potestātis, f. (2) power, control fortis, -e (8) brave 1st 2nd 3rd Active Personal Endings Passive Personal Endings Singular Plural Singular Plural 1st 2nd 3rd 111

112 Present Infinitive Present Active Infinitive Present Passive Infinitive 1st Conjugation -āre to -ārī to be ed 2nd Conjugation -ēre to -ērī to be ed 3rd Conjugation -ere to -ī to be ed 4th Conjugation -īre to -īrī to be ed 1. gerere (wear) 11. dēlēre (destroy) 2. tenēre (hold) 12. aperīre (open) 3. mittere (send) 13. iacere (throw) 4. regere (rule) 14. invenīre (find) 5. pūnīre (punish) 15. iubēre (order) 6. capere (seize) 16. legere (read) 7. pōnere (place) 17. terrēre (frighten) 8. cēlāre (hide) 18. monēre (warn) 9. dūcere (lead) 19. docēre (teach) 10. petere (seek) 20. ligāre (tie) 112

113 Death of Caesar (Cont.) Hī senātōrēs Mārcum Iūnium Brūtum ducem fēcērunt. Brūtus, quamquam erat amīcus Caesaris, hoc cōnsilium cēpit: Īdibus Mārtiīs Caesar ē vītā excēdet! Īdibus Mārtiīs senātus in theātrō Pompeiī, nōn in Cūriā, conveniet. Omnēs senātōrēs, quī Caesarem interficī volunt, parātī erunt. Prīdiē Īdūs Mārtiās multī dē morte Caesarem monēbant, Caesar tamen nōn crēdēbat. Īdibus Mārtiīs igitur Caesar ad senātum, quī in theātrō Pompeiī conveniēbat, iit et ibi senātōrēs, etiam Brūtus, pugiōnibus Caesarem graviter vulnerāvērunt. Deinde Caesar togā caput suum cēlāre temptābat, sed frūstrā. Mox posteā propter vīgintī tria vulnera ē vītā excessit. capiō, -ere, cēpī (33) graviter Īdibus Mārtiīs to take, seize; (with cōnsilium) to form seriously on the Ides of March, March 15 pugiō, pugiōnis, m. (3) senātum (acc.s.) senātus (nom.s.) theātrum, theātrī, n. (2) dagger senate senate theater prīdiē Īdūs Mārtiās the day before the Ides of March, March 14 vīgintī (2) twenty 113

114 Death of Caesar (Cont.) Hīc in Forō Rōmānō corpus Caesaris cremāvērunt et posteā hoc templum aedificāvērunt. Mārcus rogat, Quid dē prīncipe Augustō? Pater respondet, Illa est altera fābula. Antōnia et māter tua iam adveniunt. Fortasse tū fābulam dē Augustō nārrārī cupis. Māter nūntiat, Sed nōn nunc, mī marīte, fortasse crās! Ad vīllam nostram iter facere dēbēmus; nam mox sōl in caelō nōn iam erit. Augustus, Augustī, m. (8) (Rome s first emperor) cremō, -āre, -āvī (1) to cremate, burn Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Ablative prīnceps, prīncipis, m. corpus, corporis, n. Singular Plural Singular Plural 114

115 Orpheus and Eurydice Dum omnēs ad vīllam suam iter faciunt, pater Antōnius dē Orpheō fābulam incipit, Calliopē, ūna ē Mūsīs, fīlium habēbat. Nōmen eius erat Orpheus. Calliopē fīliō suō lyram pulcherrimam dedit et mox hāc lyrā bene cantāre poterat. Omnēs mūsicam eius amābant, etiam arborēs et saxa! Māter pergit, Ōlim in Graeciā erat fēmina pulcherrima; nōmen eius erat Eurydicē. Nōn erat fēmina pulchrior quam illa in tōtō orbe terrārum. Ubi Orpheus eam spectāvit, statim amāvit et post ūnum annum hanc fēminam pulcherrimam in mātrimōnium dūxit. Erant laetī, sed nōn diū; nam dum ambulābant in lātō agrō, serpēns subitō pedem uxōris Orpheī vulnerāvit. Eurydicē in bracchiīs Orpheī ē vītā excessit. Calliopē, Calliopēs, f. (2) (muse of epic poetry) orbis, orbis, m. (2) circle, ring cantō, -āre, -āvī (3) lyra, lyrae, f. (3) Mūsae, Mūsārum, f.pl. (1) to sing; to play (an instrument) lyre Muses (goddesses of the arts) pergō, -ere, perrēxī (7) pēs, pedis, m. (3) pulchrior quam (8) to go on, continue foot more beautiful how; than mūsica, mūsicae, f. (2) music serpēns, serpentis, m.f. (4) snake 115

116 Comparison of Adjectives Positive Comparative Superlative grātus (grātī) miser (miserī) īnfēlīx (īnfēlīcis) gravis (gravis) celer (celeris) novus (novī) facilis (facilis) Declension of the Comparative Singular Plural Masculine/Feminine Neuter Masculine/Feminine Neuter Nom. pulchrior pulchrius pulchriōrēs pulchriōra Gen. pulchriōris pulchriōris pulchriōrum pulchriōrum Dat. pulchriōrī pulchriōrī pulchriōribus pulchriōribus Acc. pulchriōrem pulchrius pulchriōrēs pulchriōra Abl. pulchriōre pulchriōre pulchriōribus pulchriōribus 116

117 Orpheus and Eurydice (Cont.) Deinde pater pergit, Quamquam Orpheus erat miserrimus, cōnsilium tamen capere cōnstituit et nūntiāvit, Orcus mē nōn terret. Ad Orcum iter faciam; nam uxōrem meam redūcere volō. Itaque spēluncam invēnit et longissimum iter ad rīpam flūminis Stygis fēcit. Prīmō Charōn Orpheum trāns flūmen ferre nōn cupiēbat, sed postquam mūsicam Orpheī audīvit, eum libenter iūvit. mūsica, mūsicae, f. (2) music redūcō, -ere, redūxī (1) to lead back, take back Present Imperfect Future Perfect Pluperfect Future Perfect terreō, terrēre, terruī - FRIGHTEN - 3rd singular ACTIVE PASSIVE 117

118 Orpheus and Eurydice (Cont.) Tum māter pergit, Ubi Orpheus ad Plūtōnem et Prōserpinam appropinquāvit, lyrā cantābat et uxōrem suam petīvit. Et Plūtō et Prōserpina lacrimās in oculīs habēbant. Itaque Plūtō dīxit, Venī, Eurydicē, ad nōs. Sine morā Eurydicē appāruit et Orpheus eam in bracchiīs tenuit. Dēnique Plūtō nūntiāvit, Uxor tua ex Orcō dūcī poterit. Tū tamen in itinere eam respicere nōn poteris. Sī uxōrem tuam respiciēs, ego eam ad Orcum iterum traham. respiciō, -ere, respexī (6) to look back, look back at trahō, -ere, trāxī (8) to drag, pull Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Ablative māter, mātris, f. bracchium, bracchiī, n. Singular Plural Singular Plural 118

119 Orpheus and Eurydice (Cont.) Pater pergit, Marītus Orpheus magnō cum gaudiō respondit, Ego in itinere uxōrem meam nōn respiciam. Tum magnā cum cūrā in longissimō itinere uxōrem suam dūcēbat. Post multās hōrās lūx sōlis vidērī poterat. Dum ambulābat, sibi dīcēbat, Ambulatne Eurydicē adhūc post mē? Ceciditne ad terram? Cēpitne umbra uxōrem meam? umbra, umbrae, f. (2) shade Present Imperfect Future Perfect Pluperfect Future Perfect Present Infinitive ACTIVE dūcō, dūcere, dūxī - LEAD - 3rd plural PASSIVE 119

120 Orpheus and Eurydice (Cont.) Statim Orpheus uxōrem suam respexit. Prīmō Eurydicē fuit trīstior, sed tandem dīxit, Tū mē respexistī quod mē amās et cūrās. Ego adhūc tē amō, marīte. Valē! Tum Plūtō uxōrem Orpheī ad Orcum trāxit. Orpheus post eam currere temptāvit, sed frūstrā. Māter fābulam fīnit, Orpheus trīstis diū manēbat. Nēmō erat trīstior quam ille. Post paucōs annōs autem ē vītā excessit et ita iterum cum uxōre suō esse poterat. trahō, -ere, trāxī (8) to drag, pull Positive Comparative Superlative miser (miserī) longus (longī) brevis (brevis) short facilis (facilis) easy 120

121 Antony and Cleopatra Māter Vēsōnia dīcit, Maximō cum gaudiō ad vīllam nostram advēnimus. Servae cēnam in culīnā parant. Cēna est paene parāta, spērō. Reveniam. Post fābulam trīstem dē Orpheō, Antōnia rogat, Num lacrimae sunt in oculīs tuīs, Mārce? Minimē, Antōnia, minimē! Mārcus respondet, Propter fābulās trīstēs nōn lacrimō. Antōnia rīdet et patrem rogat, Potestne altera fābula nārrārī ante cēnam? Pater respondet, Ita vērō, fīlia mea. Dē Antōniō nārrābō. Mārcus clāmat, Familia nostra idem nōmen habet! Mārcus Antōnius, Mārcī Antōniī, m. (politician and general) Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Ablative lacrima, lacrimae, f. gaudium, gaudiī, n. Singular Plural Singular Plural 121

122 Antony and Cleopatra (Cont.) Pater respondet, Bene dīxistī, Mārce. Hic Mārcus Antōnius tamen nōn est propinquus noster. Cūr? Hoc nescītis, sed avus meus erat servus Britannicus familiae Antōniae. Familia Antōnia avum meum līberāvit et posteā avus meus fēminam Rōmanam in mātrimōnium dūxit. Avī meī quīnque līberōs, quōrum ūnus erat pater meus, habēbant. Ubi pater meus duodēvīgintī annōs nātus erat, mātrem meam, quae in urbe Carthāgine habitābat, nōvit et post paucōs annōs in mātrimōnium dūxit. Britannicus, -a, -um (1) duodēvīgintī (1) nesciō, -īre, -īvī (8) British eighteen not to know nōscō, -ere, nōvī (1) propinquus, propinquī, m. (2) to become acquainted with relative Present Imperfect Future Perfect Pluperfect Future Perfect līberō, līberāre, līberāvī - FREE - 3rd singular ACTIVE PASSIVE 122

123 Irregular Comparison of Adjectives Positive Comparative Superlative bonus malus magnus parvus multus multī Declension of the Comparative Singular Plural Masculine/Feminine Neuter Masculine/Feminine Neuter Nom. minor minus minōrēs minōra Gen. minōris minōris minōrum minōrum Dat. minōrī minōrī minōribus minōribus Acc. minōrem minus minōrēs minōra Abl. minōre minōre minōribus minōribus 123

124 Antony and Cleopatra (Cont.) Bene, līberī meī, propter mortem Gaiī Iūliī Caesaris cīvēs Rōmānī erant īrātissimī et Brūtum et aliōs senātōrēs interficī volēbant. Itaque Brūtus et Cassius ex urbe Rōmā ad Graeciam fūgērunt. Mārcus Antōnius adhūc erat cōnsul et plūrimīs senātōribus placēbat. Posteā Gaius Octāvius Thūrīnus, quem Gaius Iūlius Caesar adoptāverat, ad urbem Rōmam advēnit. Itaque sine morā Octāvius plūribus senātōribus placēbat et Antōnius magnā cum īrā ex urbe Rōmā excessit. adoptō, -āre, -āvī (1) to adopt senātōribus (dat.pl.) placeō, -ēre, -uī (16) (with dat.) to please, be pleasing Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Ablative cōnsul, cōnsulis, m. mora, morae, f. Singular Plural Singular Plural 124

125 Perfect Passive Participle (Fourth Principal Part) First Conjugation: Perfect Passive Participle ending in -ātus 1st principal part 2nd Principal Part 3rd Principal Part 4th Principal Part First Person Singular Present Infinitive First Person Singular Perfect Passive Present Tense Perfect Tense Participle rogō rogāre rogāvī First Conjugation: Perfect Passive Participle ending in -tus dō dare dedī datus iuvō iuvāre iūvī iūtus Second Conjugation: Perfect Passive Participle ending in -itus habeō habēre habuī Second Conjugation: Perfect Passive Participle ending in -sus videō vidēre vīdī vīsus iubeō iubēre iussī iussus respondeō respondēre respondī respōnsus rīdeō rīdēre rīsī rīsus 125

126 Third Conjugation: Perfect Passive Participle ending in -tus 1st Principal part 2nd Principal Part 3rd Principal Part 4th Principal Part First Person Singular Present Infinitive First Person Singular Perfect Passive Present Tense Perfect Tense Participle dūcō dūcere dūxī ductus dīcō dīcere dīxī dictus capiō capere cēpī captus agō agere ēgī āctus Third Conjugation: Perfect Passive Participle ending in -sus mittō mittere mīsī missus claudō claudere clausī clausus Fourth Conjugation: Perfect Passive Participle ending in -tus audiō audīre audīvī audītus custōdiō custōdīre custōdīvī custōdītus I guard aperiō aperīre aperuī apertus 126

127 Antony and Cleopatra (Cont.) Proximō annō Octāvius, creātus cōnsul, post paucōs mēnsēs cum Antōniō et Mārcō Aemiliō Lepidō, prōcōnsule in Hispāniā, triumvir esse cōnstituit. Interim Brūtus et Cassius maximum exercitum parāvērunt. Antōnius et Octāvius ad urbem Philippōs cum exercitū suō iter fēcērunt et exercitum Brūtī et Cassiī superāvērunt. Propter hoc Brūtus et Cassius sē interfēcērunt. creō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus (4) to create; to appoint Philippī, Philippōrum, m.pl. (1) (city in northeast Greece) exercitum (acc.s.) army proximus, -a, -um (3) next exercitū (abl.s.) Present Imperfect Future Perfect Pluperfect Future Perfect army līberō, līberāre, līberāvī, līberātus - FREE - 3rd singular ACTIVE PASSIVE 127

128 Antony and Cleopatra (Cont.) Deinde senātus imperium Rōmānum in trēs partēs dīvīsit. Octāviō Italiam, Galliam, Hispāniam dedit; Lepidō Āfricam; Orientem Antōniō quī, ubi Cleopātram rēgīnam Aegyptī vīdit, statim amāvit. Mox posteā Cleopātra et Antōnius ad urbem Alexandrīam in Aegyptō nāvigāvērunt. Manē, pater, iamne uxōrem Antōnius habēbat? rogāvit Antōnia. Bene dīxistī, Antōnia! Sine scientiā eius uxōris Cleopātram Antōnius amāvit; per longam hiemem quidem cum Cleopātrā mānsit! Post mortem uxōris autem ad urbem Rōmam rediit et post breve tempus Octāviam, sorōrem Octāviī, in mātrimōnium dūxit. Alexandrīa, Alexandrīae, f. (1) (city in northern Egypt) Oriēns, Orientis, m. (2) East brevis, -e (12) short redeō, redīre, rediī, reditūrus (7) to go back, return dīvidō, -ere, dīvīsī, dīvīsus (5) to divide, separate scientia, scientiae, f. (4) knowledge hiems, hiemis, f. (4) winter senātus (nom.s.) senate maneō, -ēre, mānsī, mānsūrus (25) to remain, stay; to wait Positive Comparative Superlative brevis (brevis) clārus (clārī) 128

129 Perfect Active Perfect Passive 3rd principal part minus -ī principal part plus with 1st -ī -imus 1st 2nd -istī -istis 2nd 3rd -it -ērunt 3rd Meanings: have, has did Simple Past (-ed) Meanings: Pluperfect Active Pluperfect Passive 3rd principal part minus -ī principal part plus with 1st -eram -erāmus 1st 2nd -erās -erātis 2nd 3rd -erat -erant 3rd Meaning: had Meaning: Future Perfect Active Future Perfect Passive 3rd principal part minus -ī plus principal part with 1st -erō -erimus 1st 2nd -eris -eritis 2nd 3rd -erit -erint 3rd Meanings: will have, shall have Meanings: 129

130 1. she had been driven agō, agere, ēgī, āctus ( Conj.) 1st 2nd 3rd / s. pl. / Perf. Pluperf. Fut. Perf. / Act. Pass. 2. you (s.) had surrounded cingō, cingere, cīnxī, cīnctus ( Conj.) 1st 2nd 3rd / s. pl. / Perf. Pluperf. Fut. Perf. / Act. Pass. 3. I will have increased augeō, augēre, auxī, auctus ( Conj.) 1st 2nd 3rd / s. pl. / Perf. Pluperf. Fut. Perf. / Act. Pass. 4. we have been given dō, dare, dedī, datus ( Conj.) 1st 2nd 3rd / s. pl. / Perf. Pluperf. Fut. Perf. / Act. Pass. 5. you (s.) will have closed claudō, claudere, clausī, clausus ( Conj.) 1st 2nd 3rd / s. pl. / Perf. Pluperf. Fut. Perf. / Act. Pass. 6. you (pl.) had destroyed dēleō, dēlēre, dēlēvī, dēlētus ( Conj.) 1st 2nd 3rd / s. pl. / Perf. Pluperf. Fut. Perf. / Act. Pass. 7. he has punished pūniō, pūnīre, pūnīvī, pūnītus ( Conj.) 1st 2nd 3rd / s. pl. / Perf. Pluperf. Fut. Perf. / Act. Pass. 8. we will have been sent mittō, mittere, mīsī, missus ( Conj.) 1st 2nd 3rd / s. pl. / Perf. Pluperf. Fut. Perf. / Act. Pass. 9. they have been brought ferō, ferre, tulī, lātus ( Conj.) 1st 2nd 3rd / s. pl. / Perf. Pluperf. Fut. Perf. / Act. Pass. 10. you (s.) will have killed necō, necāre, necāvī, necātus ( Conj.) 1st 2nd 3rd / s. pl. / Perf. Pluperf. Fut. Perf. / Act. Pass. 11. it (n.) had been opened aperiō, aperīre, aperuī, apertus ( Conj.) 1st 2nd 3rd / s. pl. / Perf. Pluperf. Fut. Perf. / Act. Pass. 12. she was returned reddō, reddere, reddidī, redditus ( Conj.) 1st 2nd 3rd / s. pl. / Perf. Pluperf. Fut. Perf. / Act. Pass. 130

131 Antony and Cleopatra (Cont.) Antōnia īrātior clāmāvit, Nihil est peius quam hoc! Māter Vēsōnia nūntiat, Tālia saepe accidunt. Doleō quod tū es īrāta. Licetne mihi, marīte, fābulam fīnīre? Pater Antōnius dīxit, Ita vērō, uxor, sī tibi placet. Māter pergit, Cum Octāviā tamen diū nōn mānsit; Octāvia quidem ab Antōniō relicta est! Antōnius, nōn iam appellātus cīvis Rōmānus, ad Cleopātram iterum redīre cōnstituit. redeō, redīre, rediī, reditūrus (7) to go back, return tālia (nom.n.pl.) such (things) Positive Comparative Superlative bonus malus īrātus 131

132 Antony and Cleopatra (Cont.) Nunc et Antōnius et Cleopātra Orientem regēbant et hoc senātum īrātiōrem fēcit. Itaque senātus bellum contrā Antōnium et Cleopātram nūntiāvit. Propter hoc Antōnius, cui multum auxilium ā Cleopātrā lātum erat, in Italiā bellum gerere cōnstituit. Classēs Octāviī et Antōniī prope Āctium convēnērunt. Quamquam nāvēs Antōniī erant maiōrēs, propter maiōrem celeritātem tamen minōrēs nāvēs Octāviī classem Antōniī superāre potuērunt. Cleopātra ad Aegyptum cum nāvibus suīs fūgit et post eam Antōnius nāvigāvit. Āctium, Āctiī, n. (1) (promontory and town in Epirus, in western Greece) ferō, ferre, tulī, lātus (20) Oriēns, Orientis, m. (2) to bring, carry East celeritās, celeritātis, f. (1) speed senātum (acc.s.) senate Positive Comparative Superlative magnus parvus multus 132

133 Antony and Cleopatra (Cont.) Dēnique Octāvius ad Aegyptum advēnit et nēmō contrā eum pugnāvit; Antōnius pugiōne mortem optāvit et, ut dīcunt, Cleopātra serpentibus perīculōsīs mortem optāvit. Aegyptus ab Octāviō prōvincia Rōmāna appellāta est. Ubi ad urbem Rōmam advēnit, senātus Octāvium Augustum appellāvit. Post fābulam serva Chloē nūntiat, Cēna est parāta. Venīte, omnēs, ad trīclīnium, sī vōbīs placet. pugiō, pugiōnis, m. (3) dagger trīclīnium, trīclīniī, n. (2) dining room senātus (nom.s.) Present Imperfect Future Perfect Pluperfect Future Perfect senate optō, optāre, optāvī, optātus - CHOOSE - 3rd plural ACTIVE PASSIVE 133

134 Pygmalion Post cēnam in peristȳliō, dum māter paterque sedēbant et vīnum aquamque bibēbant, Mārcus post canem Brūtum currēbat. Subitō Antōnia in viā Mārcī pedem posuit et Mārcus ad terram cecidit. Sine morā et Mārcus et Antōnia pugnābant, ubi māter clāmāvit, Nōlīte, līberī, pugnāre. Vōs tacēre et sedēre iubeō! Statim līberī nōn iam clāmābant et mox in terrā sedēbant. Māter nūntiāvit, Doleō quod frātrem tuum vulnerārī volēbās! Cūr hoc fēcistī? Antōnia respondit, Nesciō cūr, māter. Doleō, Mārce. Tēne vulnerāvī? Mārcus īrātus clāmāvit, Mē nōn vulnerāvistī. Cūr vōs puellae haec facitis? Vōs omnēs estis malae! pēs, pedis, m. (3) foot via, viae, f. (6) road, way, path Perfect Pluperfect Future Perfect pōnō, pōnere, posuī, positus - PLACE - 3rd singular ACTIVE PASSIVE 134

135 Pygmalion (Cont.) Māter dīxit, Pygmaliōn quoque crēdēbat omnēs fēminās esse pessimās. Hic in īnsulā Cyprō habitābat. Nōn sōlum rēgnum suum magnā cum sapientiā regēbat, sed etiam statuās pulcherrimās creābat. Ōlim cīvibus rēgnī nūntiāvit, Omnēs fēminae malae esse videntur. Semper sine coniuge vīvere in animō habeō. Pater perrēxit, Ōlim rēx Pygmaliōn statuam novam cōnfēcit et sibi dīxit, Haec statua, maximā cum arte creāta, est fēmina optima. Est difficillimum tālem fēminam invenīre. Ab hāc statuā quidem abesse nōn poterat. Hanc statuam saepe spectābat. absum, abesse, āfuī, āfutūrus (6) coniūnx, coniugis, m.f. (4) to be away, be absent husband, wife Cyprus, Cyprī, f. (2) (island off the coast of Asia Minor) creō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus (4) to create; to appoint Positive Comparative Superlative difficilis (difficilis) malus pulcher (pulchrī) 135

136 Irregular Verb: volō, velle, voluī 1st volō 1st volumus 2nd vīs 2nd vultis (PRESENT) 3rd vult 3rd volunt 1st volēbam 1st volēbāmus 2nd volēbās 2nd volēbātis (IMPERFECT) 3rd volēbat 3rd volēbant 1st volam 1st volēmus 2nd volēs 2nd volētis (FUTURE) 3rd volet 3rd volent Irregular Verb: nōlō, nōlle, nōluī 1st nōlō 1st nōlumus 2nd nōn vīs 2nd nōn vultis (PRESENT) 3rd nōn vult 3rd nōlunt 1st nōlēbam 1st nōlēbāmus 2nd nōlēbās 2nd nōlēbātis (IMPERFECT) 3rd nōlēbat 3rd nōlēbant 1st nōlam 1st nōlēmus 2nd nōlēs 2nd nōlētis (FUTURE) 3rd nōlet 3rd nōlent 136

137 Pygmalion (Cont.) Māter perrēxit, Huic statuae dōna puellīs grāta dabat; nam hanc statuam, quasi fēminam, amābat. Huic statuae vestēs pulchrae, gemmae clārae, minimae avēs, plūrimī flōrēs dabantur. Haec statua grātiās numquam ēgit et brevī tempore Pygmaliōn erat miserrimus. Mox posteā erat fēsta diēs Veneris per īnsulam Cyprum. Pygmaliōn ad Veneris āram, in quā ignis clārus ārdēbat, appropinquāvit et maximō cum timōre ōrāvit, Sī tibi placet, dea Venus, fēminam statuae meae simillimam creā. Quid vērō volēbat? Hanc statuam mūtārī in fēminam vēram volēbat. Hoc tamen nōn petīvit. brevī tempore in a short time quasi (3) as if diēs (nom.s.) day similis, -e (2) similar, (with dat.) like fēstus, -a, -um (1) festive timor, timōris, m. (3) fear gemma, gemmae, f. (4) gem, jewel volō, velle, voluī (30) to wish, want Positive Comparative Superlative similis (similis) parvus multī 137

138 Pygmalion (Cont.) Pater perrēxit, Ut nox appropinquābat, ad rēgiam rediit; nam statuam suam iterum vidēre volēbat. Ubi advēnit, statua erat eadem statua ut ante. Nōn solum ad statuam appropinquāvit, sed etiam manum suam in bracchiō statuae posuit. Bracchiumne sē mōvit? sē rogāvit Pygmaliōn. Deinde in capite manum suam posuit. Caput sē mōvit! Statua in fēminam vēram ā Venere mūtāta est! Dēnique Pygmaliōn bracchia circum corpus fēminae novae posuit et fēmina nova idem fēcit. In bracchiīs fēminae novae Pygmaliōn ōrāvit et deae Venerī maximās grātiās ēgit. manum (acc.s.) hand vērus, -a, -um (5) true moveō, -ēre, mōvī, mōtus (2) to move Perfect Pluperfect Future Perfect mūtō, mūtāre, mūtāvī, mūtātus - CHANGE - 3rd singular ACTIVE PASSIVE 138

139 Pygmalion (Cont.) Dum hanc fēminam vēram in mātrimōnium dūcēbat, Venus aderat et rīdēbat quod marītus novus et nova coniūnx erant laetissimī. Omnēs cīvēs, quī rēgīnam novam amābant, quoque aderant. Māter nūntiāvit, Tempus est dormīre, līberī, aut crās eritis nimis fessī. Antōnia dīxit, Bene, māter. Ego sum fessa. Mārcus dīxit, Ego nōndum fessus sum. Itaque librum meum legam. Māter respondit, Nōlī, Mārce, diū legere! Bonam noctem, līberī! adsum, adesse, adfuī, adfutūrus (5) to be present, be (here) legō, -ere, lēgī, lēctus (5) to read Present Imperfect Future Perfect Pluperfect Future Perfect legō, legere, lēgī, lēctus - READ - 3rd plural ACTIVE PASSIVE 139

140 Augustus Posterō diē prīmā lūce Mārcus ē cubiculō in ātrium lentē ambulat. Mātrem Vēsōniam et sorōrem Antōniam prope impluvium videt. Antōnia rīdet et dīcit, Salvē, Mārce. Quid agis hodiē? Dormīvistīne bene? Mārcus respondet, Ita vērō, sed satis nōn dormīvī. Māter rogat, Lēgistīne diū librum tuum? Mārcus respondet, Ita vērō, māter. Dē Cleopātrā legēbam et vōbīs fābulam, quam scrīpsī, nārrāre volō. Frāter Cleopātrae sōlus Aegyptum regere in animō habēbat. Itaque ex Aegyptō Cleopātram miserrimam pepulit. posterō diē (3) on the following day satis (3) enough Quid agis? (2) How are you? scrībō, -ere, scrīpsī, scrīptus (2) to write Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Ablative liber, librī, m. ātrium, ātriī, n. Singular Plural Singular Plural 140

141 Augustus (Cont.) Deinde illa ā Gaiō Iūliō Caesare auxilium petīvit. Mīlitēs Caesaris frātrem Cleopātrae interfēcērunt; hōc modō Cleopātra rēgīna Aegyptī esse potuit. Posteā Cleopātra īnfantem Caesaris habēbat! Post mortem Caesaris Cleopātra nōn sōlum ad Antōnium fūgit, sed etiam eī maximum auxilium dedit, sed frūstrā; nam, ut scīmus, ab Octāviō Antōnius victus est. Post mortem et Antōniī et Cleopātrae Octāvius fīlium Caesaris et Cleopātrae interfēcit et deinde Aegyptum sub imperiō Rōmānō posuit. Potesne plūra dē Augustō nārrāre? īnfāns, īnfantis, m.f. (3) child, baby pellō, -ere, pepulī, pulsus (4) to drive, drive away Positive Comparative Superlative magnus multī 141

142 Augustus (Cont.) Māter respondet, Ita vērō et posteā iēntāculum edēmus. Bene, līberī meī. Ubi Augustus ad urbem Rōmam rediit, portae templī Iānī clausae sunt; nam erat longissima pāx per imperium Rōmānum. Augustus sē prīncipem appellāvit quod sē rēgem appellāre in animō nōn habēbat. Augustus populō Rōmānō nūntiāvit, Rōma pulchrior quam ante aedificābitur. Aut pīrātās aut classēs inimīcās timēre necesse nōn iam est. Maxima cōpia frūmentī ab Aegyptō venit. Deōs deāsque laudāte et fābulās eōrum nārrāte. Coniūnx mea Līvia togās meās facit; coniugēs tuae idem facere dēbent. clausus, -a, -um (2) closed populus, populī, m. (2) people, nation pīrāta, pīrātae, m. (1) pirate Positive Comparative Superlative brevis (brevis) pulcher (pulchrī) magnus 142

143 Augustus (Cont.) Mārcus rogat, Gerisne, pater, togās ā mātre factās? Pater ātrium intrat et respondet, Māter tua meās togās nōn facit; nam omnēs fēminae Rōmānae id nōn faciunt. Augustus nōn sōlum prōvinciās Rōmānās bene regēbat, sed etiam multōs incolās prōvinciārum cīvēs Rōmānōs fēcit. Nōnne est tempus edere? Māter respondet, Ita vērō. Tempus est iēntāculum edere. Estisne omnēs parātī? In peristȳliō edēmus; nam sōl lūcet et tempestās est calida. diēs (nom.s.) day Present Imperfect Future Perfect Pluperfect Future Perfect regō, regere, rēxī, rēctus - RULE - 3rd plural ACTIVE PASSIVE 143

144 Nouns Unit XI Vocabulary Review proximus, -a, -um (3) next Augustus, Augustī, m. (8) (Rome s first emperor) similis, -e (2) similar, (with dat.) like celeritās, celeritātis, f. (1) speed tālis, -e (4) such coniūnx, coniugis, m.f. (4) husband, wife vērus, -a, -um (5) true custōs, custōdis, m. (3) guard vīgintī (2) twenty gemma, gemmae, f. (4) hiems, hiemis, f. (4) īnfāns, īnfantis, m.f. (3) lyra, lyrae, f. (3) Mūsae, Mūsārum, f.pl. (1) mūsica, mūsicae, f. (2) gem, jewel winter child, baby lyre Muses (goddesses of the arts) music Verbs absum, abesse, āfuī, āfutūrus (6) adsum, adesse, adfuī, adfutūrus (5) cantō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus (3) capiō, -ere, cēpī, captus (33) to be away, be absent to be present, be (here) to sing; to play (an instrument) to take, seize; (with cōnsilium) to form orbis, orbis, m. (2) circle, ring conveniō, -īre, convēnī, conventūrus (4) to come together, meet Oriēns, Orientis, m. (2) East creō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus (4) to create; to appoint pēs, pedis, m. (3) foot dīvidō, -ere, dīvīsī, dīvīsus (5) to divide, separate potestās, potestātis, f. (2) power, control emō, -ere, ēmī, ēmptus (2) to buy scientia, scientiae, f. (4) knowledge ferō, ferre, tulī, lātus (20) to bring, carry serpēns, serpentis, m.f. (4) snake legō, -ere, lēgī, lēctus (5) to read theātrum, theātrī, n. (2) theater lūcet, -ēre, -uit (4) to shine timor, timōris, m. (3) fear maneō, -ēre, mānsī, mānsūrus (25) to remain, stay; to wait trīclīnium, trīclīniī, n. (2) dining room moveō, -ēre, mōvī, mōtus (2) to move umbra, umbrae, f. (2) shade nesciō, -īre, -īvī, nescītus (8) not to know via, viae, f. (6) road, way, path pellō, -ere, pepulī, pulsus (4) to drive, drive away Adjectives brevis, -e (12) short pergō, -ere, perrēxī, perrēctūrus (7) placeō, -ēre, -uī, placitūrus (16) to go on, continue (with dat.) to please, be pleasing duodēvīgintī (1) eighteen prandeō, -ēre, prandī (3) to have lunch fortis, -e (8) brave redeō, redīre, rediī, reditūrus (7) to go back, return omnis, -e (32) all, every redūcō, -ere, redūxī, reductus (1) to lead back, take back 144

145 respiciō, -ere, respexī, respectus (6) scrībō, -ere, scrīpsī, scrīptus (2) trahō, -ere, trāxī, tractus (8) volō, velle, voluī (30) to look back, look back at to write to drag, pull to wish, want Miscellaneous brevī tempore (8) graviter (1) posterō diē (3) quam (8) in a short time seriously on the following day how; than Quid agis? (2) How are you? satis (3) enough 145

146 Judgment of Paris Multō ante rēx Pēleus et nympha Thetis sē amāvērunt et Pēleus hanc nympham in mātrimōnium dūcere cōnstituit. Cīvēs rēgnī Pēleī et omnēs dī deaeque ad hās nūptiās invītātī erant. At ūna dea, cuius nōmen erat Discordia, nōn invītāta erat. Discordia quidem erat īrātissima et mālum aureum, in quō verbum Pulcherrimae scrīptum erat, in mediīs hospitibus iēcit. Quamquam multae fēminae hoc mālum aureum habēre volēbant, trēs deae tamen Minerva et Venus et Iūnō ad mālum aureum appropinquāvērunt et sibi mālum aureum poscēbant. Iuppiter, quoniam hoc difficile iūdicium facere nōlēbat, hās trēs deās ad montem Īdam mīsit; nam Paris, quī pāstor Troiānus erat, deam pulcherrimam optābit et huic deae hoc mālum trādet. at (5) but optō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus (7) to choose dī (nom.pl.) gods pāstor, pāstōris, m. (4) shepherd difficilis, -e (4) difficult poscō, -ere, poposcī (5) to demand hospes, hospitis, m.f. (3) guest quoniam (6) since iūdicium, iūdiciī, n. (3) judgment scrībō, -ere, scrīpsī, scrīptus (2) to write mālum, mālī, n. (7) mare, maris, n. (6) nōlō, nōlle, nōluī (4) nūptiae, nūptiārum, f.pl. (1) apple sea not to want wedding, suī, sibi, sē, sē (33) himself, herself, itself; themselves; each other trādō, -ere, trādidī, trāditus (8) to hand over 146

147 Comparison of Adverbs Positive Comparative Superlative fortiter lentē celeriter graviter miserē facile ācriter 147

148 Judgment of Paris (Cont.) Itaque hae trēs deae, ad montem Īdam missae, ā Paride iūdicium statim poposcērunt. Paris sibi dīxit, Quōmodo optābō? Nesciō. Prīmum Iūnō ad Paridem lentius appropinquāvit et dīxit, Ego sum dea pulcherrima. Sī mihi mālum aureum trādēs, tibi multum aurum argentumque atque magna potestās dabuntur. Deinde Minerva Paridī dīxit, Ego sum dea pulcherrima. Pulchrior quidem sum quam Iūnō. Tibi magnam fāmam glōriamque bellī dabō, sī tū mē esse pulcherrimam nūntiābis. Dēnique Paridī Venus dīxit, Ego sum dea pulcherrima. Sī tū mē deam pulcherrimam appellābis, fēminam pulcherrimam orbis terrārum in mātrimōnium dūcere poteris. argentum, argentī, n. (2) silver orbis, orbis, m. (2) circle, ring aureus, -a, -um (15) aurum, aurī, n. (3) fāma, fāmae, f. (1) glōria, glōriae, f. (3) golden, of gold gold reputation, fame glory Paris, Paridis, m. (18) poscō, -ere, poposcī (5) potestās, potestātis, f. (2) (son of Priam and Hecuba) to demand power, control 148

149 Judgment of Paris (Cont.) Paris igitur iūdicium celerius fēcit et, quoniam uxōrem pulcherrimam habēre cupiēbat, Venus dea pulcherrima appellāta est. Deinde Venus ā Paride mālum aureum accēpit. Paridī Venus dīxit, Tū es fīlius rēgis rēgīnaeque Troiae! Ōlim ōrāculum mātrī tuae nūntiāvit, Propter fīlium tuum tua urbs perdētur. Ēheu rēx miserrimē pāstōrī tē īnfantem dedit. Pater tuus tē ab hōc pāstōre interficī iussit! Hic pāstor, quem crēdēbās esse patrem tuum, tē interficere nōn poterat. Ab hōc monte ad urbem Troiam iter facere dēbēs! Ā patre tuō nāvem celerrimam posce et ad Graeciam nāvigā et fēminam pulcherrimam, Helenam, quae in urbe Spartā habitat, ad urbem Troiam reportā! celer, celeris, celere (3) īnfāns, īnfantis, m.f. (3) quick, swift child, baby Sparta, Spartae, f. (4) (ancient capital of Laconia in Greece) perdō, -ere, perdidī, perditus (2) Perfect Pluperfect Future Perfect to ruin, destroy iubeō, iubēre, iussī, iussus - ORDER - 3rd plural ACTIVE PASSIVE 149

150 Judgment of Paris (Cont.) Postquam verba Veneris audīvit, Paris ad urbem Troiam iter fēcit et ad rēgem Priamum appropinquāvit. Simul atque nūntiāvit sē esse fīlium Priamī, rēx fīlium suum in rēgiam excēpit. Posteā hic fīlius novus ā Priamō nāvem celerem petīvit et prīmā lūce ad Graeciam nāvigāvit. Rēx Menelāus eum hospitem magnō cum gaudiō excēpit et dīxit, Haec est rēgīna et uxor mea, Helena. cōgō, -ere, coēgī, coāctus (7) to gather; to force, compel Priamus, Priamī, m. (8) Priam (king of Troy) Present Imperfect Future Perfect Pluperfect Future Perfect Present Infinitive excipiō, excipere, excēpī, exceptus - WELCOME - 3rd singular ACTIVE PASSIVE 150

151 Judgment of Paris (Cont.) Sine morā Paris Helenam amāre incipiēbat et auxiliō sagittae aureae Cupīdinis Helena quoque Paridem amāre incipiēbat. Quamquam rēgīna Spartae marītum patriamque relinquere nōlēbat, amor Paridis eam ad urbem Troiam fugere coēgit; Helena Parisque statim sine scientiā Menelāī in nāvem ascendērunt et Spartam relīquērunt. Menelāus, simul atque cognōvit Helenam nōn iam esse in urbe Spartā, cīvibus urbis nūntiāvit, Paris Troiānus uxōrem meam, rēgīnam tuam, cēpit et iam ad urbem Troiam cum eā nāvigat! Quī hospes tālia facit? Vōs mēcum iungite et bellum parāte. Omnēs cīvēs clāmāvērunt et contrā Troiam bellum gerere cōnstituērunt. iungō, -ere, iūnxī, iūnctus (6) to join, yoke tālia (acc.n.pl.) such things patria, patriae, f. (10) native land, country vōs, vestrum, vōbīs, vōs, vōbīs (31) you (pl.), yourselves 151

152 Uniting the Greeks for War Postquam Menelāus cōnsilium bellī cēpit, cēterōs prīncipēs Graecōs coēgit; nam ab eīs auxilium poposcit. Brevī tempore omnēs prīncipēs Graecī praeter Ulixem et Achillem Menelāō sē iūnxērunt. Ulixēs, rēx īnsulae Ithacae, familiam et patriam relinquere nōlēbat. Nōn crēdēbat autem Helenam esse vēram causam bellī. Ulixēs igitur, ubi nūntius Menelāī advēnit, duōs taurōs iūnxit et lātum agrum arāre coepit. In hōc agrō tamen salem, nōn sēmina, pōnēbat. Achillēs, Achillis, m. (37) (Greek hero in the Trojan War) Menelāus, Menelāī, m. (8) (king of Sparta, husband of Helen) cēterī, -ae, -a (4) other, rest of poscō, -ere, poposcī (5) to demand cōgō, -ere, coēgī, coāctus (7) coepī, coepisse, coeptus (6) Ithaca, Ithacae, f. (7) to gather; to force, compel to have begun (island in the Ionian Sea, kingdom of Ulysses) praeter (5) prīnceps, prīncipis, m. (5) sal, salis, m. (1) Ulixēs, Ulixis, m. (58) (with acc.) except leader, chief; emperor salt Ulysses (king of Ithaca) iungō, -ere, iūnxī, iūnctus (6) to join, yoke 152

153 1st Decl. 2nd Decl. M.(F.) 2nd Decl. N. 3rd Decl. M.F. 3rd Decl. N. S. PL. S. PL. S. PL. S. PL. S. PL. Nom. Gen. Dat. Acc. Abl. Ablative of Comparison 1. Hī līberī sunt dīligentiōrēs quam reliquī. This children are more diligent that the others. Hī līberī sunt dīligentiōrēs reliquīs. 2. Haec nāvis est celerior quam illa. 3. Antōnia fuit laetior quam Mārcus. 4. Hae togae meliōrēs quam cēterae sunt! 5. Mīlitēs nostrī fortiōrēs quam hostēs erant. 6. Herculēs est validior quam omnēs. 7. Estne Brūtus clārior quam Antōnius? 8. Vīlla nostra est minor quam multae vīllae. 9. Dea Minerva est sapientior quam Diāna. 10. Eratne prīnceps melior quam Augustus? 153

154 Irregular Comparison of Adverbs Positive Comparative Superlative bene male magnopere parum multum facile ācriter 154

155 Uniting the Greeks for War (Cont.) Nūntius sibi dīxit, Num Ulixēs īnsānus est? Bellum vītāre vult! Itaque minōrem fīlium Ulixis cēpit et eum prō duōbus taurīs posuit. Nūntius iterum sibi dīxit, Num Ulixēs fīlium suum interficiet? Ulixēs quidem fīlium suum cōnspexit et vītāvit; nam fīlium suum neque vulnerārī neque interficī cupiēbat. Dēnique Ulixēs nūntiō dīxit, Bene, nūntī. Cum cēterīs Graecīs mē iungam! Nūntius Ulixī nūntiāvit, Ūnus Graecus ab hōc bellō abest; nēmō melius pugnat hōc virō. Ulixēs dīxit, Quid? Achillēs cum Graecīs sē nōn iunget! Sciō cūr! Māter eius Thetis mortem Achillis timet. Thetis hoc crēdit, Sī Achillēs in campō proeliī nōn pugnābit, ē vītā nōn excēdet. Ego eum inveniam! cōnspiciō, -ere, cōnspexī, cōnspectus (5) to see īnsānus, -a, -um (1) crazy, insane Perfect Pluperfect Future Perfect iungō, iungere, iūnxī, iūnctus - JOIN - 3rd singular ACTIVE PASSIVE 155

156 Uniting the Greeks for War (Cont.) Post breve tempus Ulixēs ad īnsulam longum iter fēcit; nam hoc cognōvit, Inter fīliās rēgis Achillēs latēbat. Ubi ad rēgiam advēnit, vestēs mercātōris gerere cōnstituit. Rēx Ulixem magnō cum gaudiō excēpit; nam hic mercātor plūrima et pulcherrima vēndēbat. Fīliae rēgis, quibuscum Achillēs stābat, ad mercātōrem cucurrērunt. Ulixēs sibi dīxit, Post hās fīliās est maxima fēmina! Achillēs quidem vestēs fēminae gerit! Ulixēs in mēnsā nōn sōlum vestēs et gemmās sed etiam arma ostendit. Vestēs et gemmae puellīs grātae erant. Arma pulchra autem Achillī grātiōra vestibus et gemmīs. Ulixēs Achillī dīxit, Tū nōn es fēmina! Tū es Achillēs! In campō proeliī optimē pugnās! Sine tē Graecī ā Troiānīs vincentur. Achillēs respondit, Libentissimē cum cēterīs Graecīs mē iungam! At ēheu māter mea erit miserrima. lateō, -ēre, -uī (3) to hide, be hidden mercātor, mercātōris, m. (3) merchant mēnsa, mēnsae, f. (1) table vēndō, -ere, vēndidī, vēnditus (1) to sell ostendō, -ere, ostendī, ostentus (3) to show, display 156

157 Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Ablative Singular Plural Masculine Feminine Neuter Masculine Feminine Neuter quādam quārundam quendam quōdam (x2) quīdam (x2) quaedam (x4) quāsdam quibusdam (x6) quandam cuidam (x3) quoddam (x2) quōrundam (x2) quōsdam cuiusdam (x3) 1. She liked a certain man. (A) quīdam (B) quandam (C) quendam (D) quōsdam 2. I gave help to certain women. (A) ad quandam (B) cuidam (C) quibus (D) ad quāsdam 3. A certain soldier came to town. (A) quīdam (B) cuiusdam (C) cuidam (D) quendam 4. Certain girls did not arrive on time. (A) Quaedam (B) Quīdam (C) Quandam (D) Cuidam 5. This is the sword of a certain Amazon woman. (A) quīdam (B) cuiusdam (C) quaedam (D) quibusdam 6. I showed the way to a certain sailor. (A) cuidam (B) ad quōsdam (C) ad quendam (D) quibusdam 7. He talked with a certain woman down the street. (A) quōdam (B) quādam (C) cum quōdam (D) cum quādam 8. I visited certain temples in Greece. (A) quīdam (B) quaedam (C) cuidam (D) quoddam 9. He fought with a certain sword. (A) quōdam (B) quibusdam (C) cum quōdam (D) cum quibusdam 10. I gave food to a certain beggar. (A) cuidam (B) ad quendam (C) quibusdam (D) ad quōsdam 157

158 Greek Forces Gather in Aulis Cōpiae Graecae coāctae sunt in maximīs castrīs prope oppidum Aulidem, locum ventōrum validōrum plēnum, ubi plūrimās nāvēs aedificābant; nam ab eō locō trāns mare ad lītus Troiae solvere in animō habēbant. Ōlim Agamemnon et quīdam mīlitēs in silvā sacrā errābant quod cibum invenīre necesse erat. Forte Agamemnon cervum Diānae sacrum occīdit. Simul atque Diāna dē hōc cervō mortuō audīvit, omnēs Graecōs, quī in maximīs castrīs manēbant, pūnīre volēbat. Itaque pestilentiam ad castra mīsit atque subitō ventī nōn erant validī et mox ventī nōn iam fuērunt! Aulis, Aulidis, f. (3) (seaport town from which the Greeks sailed to Troy) mare, maris, n. (6) pestilentia, pestilentiae, f. (6) sea pestilence, plague castra, castrōrum, n.pl. (11) camp plēnus, -a, -um (3) full cervus, cervī, m. (4) stag quīdam, quaedam, quoddam (5) certain cōpia, cōpiae, f. (10) occīdō, -ere, occīdī, occīsus (6) supply, abundance; (pl.) troops, forces to kill sacer, sacra, sacrum (4) solvō, -ere, solvī, solūtus (9) holy, sacred to release; to untie; to set sail 158

159 CARDINAL ENGLISH ORDINAL ENGLISH NUMBER MEANING NUMBER MEANING ūnus one prīmus first duo two secundus second trēs three tertius third quattuor four quārtus fourth quīnque five quīntus fifth sex six sextus sixth septem seven septimus seventh octō eight octāvus eight novem nine nōnus ninth decem ten decimus tenth ŪNUS DUO TRĒS M. F. N. M. F. N. M. F. N. Nom. ūnus ūna ūnum duo duae duo trēs trēs tria Gen. ūnīus ūnīus ūnīus duōrum duārum duōrum trium trium trium Dat. ūnī ūnī ūnī duōbus duābus duōbus tribus tribus tribus Acc. ūnum ūnam ūnum duōs duās duo trēs trēs tria Abl. ūnō ūnā ūnō duōbus duābus duōbus tribus tribus tribus Declension of Mīlle Singular Plural Nom. mīlle mīlia Gen. mīlle mīliōrum Dat. mīlle mīlibus Acc. mīlle mīlia Abl. mīlle mīlibus 159

160 1st Decl. 2nd Decl. M.(F.) 2nd Decl. N. 3rd Decl. M.F. 3rd Decl. N. S. PL. S. PL. S. PL. S. PL. S. PL. Nom. Gen. Dat. Acc. Abl. Ablative of Time When and Time Within Which 1. prīmō annō 2. brevī tempore 3. decem hōrīs 4. tertiā hōrā 5. autumnō 6. hōc mēnse 7. aestāte 8. paucīs annīs 9. quattuor diēbus 10. hieme 11. eō tempore 12. prīmā lūce 13. novem annīs 14. mediā nocte 15. tribus hōrīs 16. mediō autumnō 17. eōdem annō 18. decimō mēnse 160

161 Greek Forces Gather in Aulis (Cont.) Eō tempore Agamemnon ad ōrāculum iit quod causam pestilentiae cognōscere cupiēbat. Ōrāculum respondit, Quoniam cervus Diānae sacer occīsus est, ob pestilentiam Graecī ē vītā excēdent et ventī secundī aberunt. Agamemnon rogāvit, Quōmodo remedium inveniētur? Quid facere possumus? Ōrāculum iterum respondit, Diāna ūnam virginem pulcherrimam, fīliam tuam Īphigenīam, sacrificārī iubet et tum pestilentia nōn iam aderit et ventī secundī revenient. ob (3) (with acc.) because of secundus, -a, -um (10) second; favorable remedium, remediī, n. (1) remedy Perfect Pluperfect Future Perfect Present Infinitive occīdō, occīdere, occīdī, occīsus - KILL - 3rd plural ACTIVE PASSIVE 161

162 Greek Forces Gather in Aulis (Cont.) Agamemnon ōrāculum relīquit et duōs nūntiōs ad Clytemnestram, uxōrem suam, mīsit. Nūntiī, ubi ad rēgiam advēnērunt, magnō cum gaudiō exceptī sunt. Sine morā ūnus nūntius rēgīnae Clytemnestrae dīxit, Achillēs Īphigenīam, fīliam tuam, in mātrimōnium dūcet. Alter nūntius dīxit, Quoniam Achillēs est in castrīs prope oppidum Aulidem, tē fīliamque ad eum locum dūcēmus. Ubi ad oppidum Aulidem advēnērunt, Agamemnon Clytemnestrae et Īphigenīae maestē nūntiāvit, Hoc est cōnsilium: tribus hōrīs Īphigenīa ē vītā excēdet. Cūr? Vōbīs nārrābō. Diāna sacrificium nostrae fīliae cārae poscit; hōc modō ventī iterum erunt secundī et mīlitēs Graecī ob pestilentiam ē vītā nōn iam excēdent. cārus, -a, -um (2) dear sacrificium, sacrificiī, n. (2) sacrifice Perfect Pluperfect Future Perfect excipiō, excipere, excēpī, exceptus - WELCOME - 3rd plural ACTIVE PASSIVE 162

163 Greek Forces Gather in Aulis (Cont.) Prīmum Clytemnestra erat īrātissima, deinde miserrima. Īphigenīa autem fortissima manēbat; nam Diāna hanc mortem volēbat. Post trēs hōrās duo mīlitēs Īphigenīam fortem ad magnam āram in mediīs castrīs portāvērunt et ab eā Clytemnestram trāxērunt; nam Clytemnestra fīliam suam servāre temptābat. Sacerdōs ad āram iit et sacrificium parābat. Sine scientiā omnium, Diāna appāruit et Īphigenīam servāvit et eam longē ab hōc locō ad aliam terram mīsit. Cervus quidem locō Īphigenīae occīsus est! Eō ipsō tempore ventī erant validī et secundī et pestilentia in castrīs nōn iam fuit. Dēnique classis solvere iterum parābātur. eō ipsō tempore at that very moment sacerdōs, sacerdōtis, m.f. (3) priest, priestess longē (5) far Positive Comparative Superlative fortis (fortis) miser (miserī) validus (validī) 163

164 War against Troy Ubi mīlle nāvēs Graecae, plēnae mīlitum fortium, ad lītus Troiae advēnērunt, Troiānī contrā Graecōs pugnāre parātī erant. Eō tempore propter mūrōs validōs urbs Troia optimē dēfendī poterant. Rēx Priamus et rēgīna Hecuba fīliōs fortēs, quī mīlia mīlitum Troiānōrum dūcent et in Graecōs impetum facient, habēbant. Per novem annōs Graecī et Troiānī pugnābant; neque Graecī neque Troiānī victōriam reportābant. Decimō annō bellī Agamemnon et Achillēs inter sē dē spoliīs bellī disputābant. Itaque Achillēs Agamemnonī nūntiāvit, Ego ab hōc bellō abesse cōnstituī. Graecīs nūllum auxilium dabō; haec castra nōn relinquam! decimus, -a, -um (1) tenth mīlle (pl.: mīlia) (6) thousand dēfendō, -ere, dēfendī, dēfēnsus (2) disputō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus (1) to protect, defend to argue spolia, spoliōrum, n.pl. (1) spoils (anything taken from an enemy) impetum (acc.s.) attack Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Ablative victōria, victōriae, f. mīles, mīlitis, m. Singular Plural Singular Plural 164

165 War against Troy (Cont.) Itaque castra altō vāllō cīncta sunt quod Hector cum mīlibus mīlitum in castra Graeca impetum saepe faciēbant et quāsdam nāvēs igne dēlēbant. Quamquam Achillēs castra relinquere adhūc nōlēbat, Patroclum, amīcum optimum, ducem mīlitum suōrum appellāvit. Patroclus erat superbus et arma Achillis gerere cōnstituit; nam spērābat esse dux Achillī simillimus. Tertiā hōrā Patroclus et cōpiae proelium cum Troiānīs fēcērunt. Simul atque plūrimī Troiānī Patroclum, quem esse Achillem crēdēbant, cōnspexērunt, maximō cum timōre fūgērunt. Patroclus et cōpiae multōs Troiānōs, quī in proeliō manēbant, aut vulnerāvērunt aut interfēcērunt; etiam Hector ab hīs cōpiīs Graecīs fugere coāctus est. cingō, -ere, cīnxī, cīnctus (10) to surround impetum (acc.s.) attack faciō, -ere, fēcī, factus (69) to make; to do; to join vāllum, vāllī, n. (1) rampart Positive Comparative Superlative bonus similis 165

166 War against Troy (Cont.) Post multās victōriās nōnā hōrā Patroclus Hectorem invēnit et magnā cum virtūte pugnāre coepit. Hector quidem hunc mīlitem esse Achillem crēdēbat. Prīmum maximē timēbat, sed cum Patroclō fortissimē pugnābat. Patroclus tamen nōn erat Achillēs; ita Hector melius Patroclō pugnāre poterat. Brevī tempore ab Hectore Patroclus facillimē superātus et occīsus est. Dum Patroclus in terrā iacet, Hector arma eius cēpit et gessit. Graecī corpus mortuum Patroclī magnō cum dolōre portāvērunt. facile (3) easily virtūs, virtūtis, f. (3) bravery nōnus, -a, -um (1) ninth Perfect Pluperfect Future Perfect Present Infinitive occīdō, occīdere, occīdī, occīsus - KILL - 3rd singular ACTIVE PASSIVE 166

167 War against Troy (Cont.) Achillēs, ubi dē Patroclō audīvit, nōn sōlum magnō cum dolōre clāmāvit, sed etiam lacrimāvit. Nēmō eī auxilium dare poterat. Mox māter Achillis, Thetis, advēnit et eum in bracchiīs suīs diū tenuit. Post breve tempus Achillēs verba facere potuit, Pugnāre iterum parātus sum. Hectorem, quī Patroclum iniūstē occīdit, invenīre dēbeō. Thetis respondit, Tū hodiē pugnāre vetāris, mī fīlī cāre; ego crās tibi arma nova, quae erunt validissima, trādam; nam haec arma Vulcānus ipse maximā cum arte faciet. Sī tibi placet, mē exspectā. Iterum fīlium suum in bracchiīs tenuit et ā fīliō trīstissimō discessit. cārus, -a, -um (2) dear vetō, -āre, -uī, -itus (4) to forbid iniūstus, -a, -um (1) unfair Present Imperfect Future Present Infinitive vetō, vetāre, vetuī, vetitus - FORBID - 2nd singular ACTIVE PASSIVE 167

168 War against Troy (Cont.) Posterō diē prīmā lūce Thetis revēnit et Achillī arma pulcherrima et validissima trādidit. Achillēs haec arma mox gerēbat et cum Agamemnone pācificāre cōnstituit. Posteā cōpiās Graecās in hostēs Troiānōs dūxit. Troiānī, simul atque Achillem cum tot mīlitibus cōnspexērunt, fuērunt territī, sed magnō cum virtūte pugnāvērunt. At tot Troiānōs interficī coepērunt. Itaque Priamus, rēx Troiae, portās urbis aperuit et omnēs Troiānī praeter Hectorem intrāvērunt. Hector sōlus extrā mūrōs mānsit. pācificō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus (1) to make peace praeter (5) (with acc.) except Perfect Pluperfect Future Perfect Present Infinitive aperiō, aperīre, aperuī, apertus - OPEN - 3rd plural ACTIVE PASSIVE 168

169 War against Troy (Cont.) Ubi Achillēs, quī arma pulcherrima gerēbat, ad eum appropinquāvit, Hector timōrem cēlāvit et hastam gravem ad Achillem iēcit. Haec hasta gravis tamen dē scūtō Achillis ad terram cecidit. Statim ad Achillem magnā cum virtūte cucurrit et eum gladiō interficere temptābat, sed frūstrā; nam Achillēs prīmus Hectorem interficere potuit. Itaque ante oculōs omnium Troiānōrum Hector in terrā iacuit. Adhūc īrātus Achillēs post currum corpus mortuum Hectoris circum mūrōs Troiānōs ter trāxit. Prīmā lūce ad castra Graeca Priamus advēnit et corpus Hectoris petīvit. Achillēs libenter in currū corpus, quod Priamus trīstis in urbem reportāvit, posuit. Graecī glōriam Patroclī et Troiānī glōriam Hectoris laudāvērunt. currum (acc.s.) chariot iaciō, -ere, iēcī, iactus (5) to throw currū (abl.s.) scūtum, scūtī, n. (1) shield gravis, -e (4) heavy, serious ter (1) three times hasta, hastae, f. (3) spear iaceō, -ēre, -uī, -itūrus (5) to lie (down); to lie dead 169

170 The Wooden Horse Paris dē calce Achillis cognōvit; itaque sagittam in venēnō posuit et, simul atque Achillem cōnspexit, hanc sagittam in calcem eius facillimē mīsit et brevī tempore Achillēs ē vītā excessit. Posteā ūnus Graecus idem fēcit: sagittam in venēnō posuit et hanc sagittam in corpus Paridis mīsit et brevī tempore Paris ē vītā excessit. Troia adhūc in bellō vincī nōn poterat. Itaque Ulixēs hoc cōnsilium magnā cum sapientiā cēpit: extrā mūrōs Troiae equus ligneus aedificābitur; deinde mīlitēs optimī in equō ligneō cēlābuntur; reliquī Graecī in nāvēs ascendent et ā lītoribus Troiae ad īnsulam propinquam nāvigābunt. calx, calcis, f. (2) heel propinquus, -a, -um (2) nearby ligneus, -a, -um (2) wooden venēnum, venēnī, n. (5) poison Present Imperfect Future cēlō, cētāre, cēlāvī, cēlātus - HIDE - 3rd singular ACTIVE PASSIVE 170

171 The Wooden Horse (Cont.) Itaque Graecī equum, in quō mīlitēs optimī cēlābantur, aedificāvērunt et hunc extrā mūrōs Troiae relīquērunt. Deinde cūnctās nāvēs parāvērunt et ā lītoribus Troiae nāvigāvērunt. Quoniam Troiānī nāvēs Graecās in lītoribus huius īnsulae vidēre nōn poterant, crēdidērunt hunc equum esse dōnum deōrum et id in mūrōs urbis trahī volēbant. Sacerdōs Lāocoōn tamen Troiānīs nūntiāvit, Crēditisne Graecōs abesse? Hoc dōnum est dōnum Graecōrum, nōn deōrum. In hōc equō latet dolus. Timeō Graecōs, etiam dōna Graecōrum! dolus, dolī, m. (2) trick lateō, -ēre, -uī (3) to hide, be hidden Lāocoōn, Lāocoontis, m. (5) (Trojan priest of Neptune) Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Ablative equus, equī, m. īnsula, īnsulae, f. Singular Plural Singular Plural 171

172 The Wooden Horse (Cont.) Ubi haec dicta sunt, longissimam hastam in corpus equī iēcit. Post breve tempus duo maximī serpentēs ab īnsulā Tenedō ad lītora Troiae celerrimē natāvērunt et statim ad Lāocoontem et fīliōs eius appropinquāvērunt. Prīmō fīliōs cīnxērunt et edere coepērunt. Posteā serpentēs Lāocoontem cēpērunt et corpus validum cingere coepērunt. Lāocoōn fugere temptābat, sed frūstrā; nam brevī tempore ē vītā excessit. Troiānī, postquam haec vīsa sunt, hunc equum esse dōnum deōrum nūntiāvērunt; nam certē Lāocoōn et fīliī pūnītī sunt quod hic sacerdōs equum sacrum vulnerāvit. Sine morā igitur plūrimī Troiānī equum per portam in mediam urbem maximō cum gaudiō trāxērunt. certē (2) certainly natō, -āre, -āvī, -ātūrus (1) to swim Lāocoōn, Lāocoontis, m. (5) (Trojan priest of Neptune) Tenedos, Tenedī, f. (1) (island off the coast of Troy) Positive Comparative Superlative magnus multī 172

173 The Wooden Horse (Cont.) Deinde nocte, dum Troiānī dormiunt, nāvēs Graecae ab īnsulā propinquā ad lītora Troiae rediērunt. Interim portae urbis ā mīlitibus, quī in equō latēbant, apertae sunt; hōc modō Graecī ā nāvibus urbem intrāre facile potuērunt. Mediā nocte Graecī in urbem impetum fēcērunt et mīlia Troiānōrum, etiam Priamum et multōs aliōs Troiānōs occīdērunt. Menelāus Helenam invēnit et uxōrem et rēgīnam iterum appellāvit. Mīlia fēminārum Troiānārum capta sunt et hae fēminae servae factae sunt. impetum (acc.s.) attack Perfect Pluperfect Future Perfect Present Infinitive capiō, capere, cēpī, captus - SEIZE - 3rd plural ACTIVE PASSIVE 173

174 Unit XI Vocabulary Review Nouns potestās, potestātis, f. (2) power, control argentum, argentī, n. (2) silver Priamus, Priamī, m. (8) Priam (king of Troy) Aulis, Aulidis, f. (3) (seaport town from which the Greeks sailed to Troy) prīnceps, prīncipis, m. (5) sacerdōs, sacerdōtis, m.f. (3) leader, chief; emperor priest, priestess aurum, aurī, n. (3) gold sacrificium, sacrificiī, n. (2) sacrifice castra, castrōrum, n.pl. (11) camp sal, salis, m. (1) salt cervus, cervī, m. (4) cōpia, cōpiae, f. (10) stag supply, abundance; (pl.) troops, forces Ulixēs, Ulixis, m. (58) venēnum, venēnī, n. (5) Ulysses (king of Ithaca) poison fāma, fāmae, f. (1) reputation, fame virtūs, virtūtis, f. (3) bravery glōria, glōriae, f. (3) hasta, hastae, f. (3) hospes, hospitis, m.f. (3) īnfāns, īnfantis, m.f. (3) Ithaca, Ithacae, f. (7) iūdicium, iūdiciī, n. (3) mālum, mālī, n. (7) mare, maris, n. (6) Menelāus, Menelāī, m. (8) glory spear guest child, baby (island in the Ionian Sea, kingdom of Ulysses) judgment apple sea (king of Sparta, husband of Helen) Adjectives/Pronouns aureus, -a, -um (15) cārus, -a, -um (2) celer, celeris, celere (3) cēterī, -ae, -a (4) decimus, -a, -um (1) difficilis, -e (4) gravis, -e (4) iniūstus, -a, -um (1) īnsānus, -a, -um (1) golden, of gold dear quick, swift other, rest of tenth difficult heavy, serious unfair crazy, insane mēnsa, mēnsae, f. (1) table mīlle (pl.: mīlia) (6) thousand mercātor, mercātōris, m. (3) merchant nōnus, -a, -um (1) ninth orbis, orbis, m. (2) circle, ring plēnus, -a, -um (3) full Paris, Paridis, m. (18) pāstor, pāstōris, m. (4) patria, patriae, f. (10) pestilentia, pestilentiae, f. (6) (son of Priam and Hecuba) shepherd native land, country pestilence, plague propinquus, -a, -um (2) quīdam, quaedam, quoddam (5) sacer, sacra, sacrum (4) secundus, -a, -um (10) nearby certain holy, sacred second; favorable 174

175 Verbs Miscellaneous cingō, -ere, cīnxī, cīnctus (10) to surround at (5) but coepī, coepisse, coeptus (6) to have begun eō ipsō tempore at that very moment cōgō, -ere, coēgī, coāctus (7) cōnspiciō, -ere, cōnspexī, cōnspectus (5) to see dēfendō, -ere, dēfendī, dēfēnsus (2) iaceō, -ēre, -uī, -itūrus (5) to gather; to force, compel to protect, defend to lie (down); to lie dead facile (3) longē (5) ob (3) praeter (5) quoniam (6) easily far (with acc.) because of (with acc.) except since iaciō, -ere, iēcī, iactus (5) iungō, -ere, iūnxī, iūnctus (6) lateō, -ēre, -uī (3) nōlō, nōlle, nōluī (4) occīdō, -ere, occīdī, occīsus (6) optō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus (7) ostendō, -ere, ostendī, ostentus (3) perdō, -ere, perdidī, perditus (2) poscō, -ere, poposcī (5) scrībō, -ere, scrīpsī, scrīptus (2) solvō, -ere, solvī, solūtus (9) trādō, -ere, trādidī, trāditus (8) vetō, -āre, -uī, -itus (4) to throw to join, yoke to hide, be hidden not to want to kill to choose to show, display to ruin, destroy to demand to write to release; to untie; to set sail to hand over to forbid 175

176 Land of the Lotus-Eaters Postquam Ulixēs et sociī eius ā lītoribus Troiae duodecim nāvibus solvērunt, maxima tempestās appāruit et hās nāvēs trāns mare ad lītus Āfricae pepulit. Omnēs ē nāvibus exiērunt et in lītore prope nāvēs prandērunt. Dum nautae quiēscunt, Ulixēs nūntiāvit, Quamquam longē ā patriā nostrā absumus, post tot perīcula maris nōs tūtī ad hunc locum advēnimus. Aquam dulcem reperīre necesse est. Trēs ē vōbīs optābō et vōs aquam dulcem quaerētis et reportābitis. Quī incolae hīc habitant? Nesciō, sed cognōscēs nōbīsque dē hīs incolīs nārrābitis. dulcis, -e (6) sweet; fresh quaerō, -ere, quaesīvī, quaesītus (3) to seek, search for duodecim (3) twelve quiēscō, -ere, quiēvī, quiētūrus (2) to rest exeō, exīre, exiī, exitūrus (5) to go out reperiō, -īre, repperī, repertus (6) to find mare, maris, n. (6) sea socius, sociī, m. (24) companion, ally prandeō, -ēre, prandī (3) to have lunch Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Ablative socius, sociī, m. incola, incolae, m.f. Singular Plural Singular Plural 176

177 Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Ablative Fourth Declension exercitus, exercitūs, m. cornū, cornūs, n. Singular Plural Singular Plural 1. I hit him with my hand. (manus, manūs, f. - Decl.) Nom. Gen. Dat. Acc.-D.O. Acc.-Prep. Abl.-Prep. Abl.-No Prep. / S. PL. 2. They showed the army the way. (exercitus, exercitūs, m. - Decl.) Nom. Gen. Dat. Acc.-D.O. Acc.-Prep. Abl.-Prep. Abl.-No Prep. / S. PL. 3. He dragged him with a chariot. (currus, currūs, m. - Decl.) Nom. Gen. Dat. Acc.-D.O. Acc.-Prep. Abl.-Prep. Abl.-No Prep. / S. PL. 4. The army made many attacks. (impetus, impetūs, m. - Decl.) Nom. Gen. Dat. Acc.-D.O. Acc.-Prep. Abl.-Prep. Abl.-No Prep. / S. PL. 5. She hit him with a fruit. (frūctus, frūctūs, m. - Decl.) Nom. Gen. Dat. Acc.-D.O. Acc.-Prep. Abl.-Prep. Abl.-No Prep. / S. PL. 6. It is the sound of many horns. (cornū, cornūs, n. - Decl.) Nom. Gen. Dat. Acc.-D.O. Acc.-Prep. Abl.-Prep. Abl.-No Prep. / S. PL. 7. before his arrival (adventus, adventūs, m. - Decl.) Nom. Gen. Dat. Acc.-D.O. Acc.-Prep. Abl.-Prep. Abl.-No Prep. / S. PL. 8. They saw the ships in the harbors. (portus, portūs, m. - Decl.) Nom. Gen. Dat. Acc.-D.O. Acc.-Prep. Abl.-Prep. Abl.-No Prep. / S. PL. 177

178 Land of the Lotus-Eaters (Cont.) Itaque septimā hōrā trēs nautae iter fēcērunt et brevī tempore incolās laetōs, quī quoddam frūctum dulcissimum edēbant, repperērunt. Hī incolae Graecōs magnō cum hospitiō excēpērunt eīsque flōrēs et frūctūs lōtī dedērunt. Nautae, simul atque hōs flōrēs et frūctūs dulcēs ēdērunt, nōn sōlum tōtam memoriam statim āmīsērunt, sed etiam ab hāc terrā abīre nōn cupiēbant. Hī nautae incolīs dīxērunt, Licetne nōbīs in hāc terrā manēre? Hōs flōrēs et frūctūs dulcēs edere semper cupimus. Incolae iterum magnō cum hospitiō eōs excēpērunt plūrēsque flōrēs et frūctūs dedērunt. abeō, abīre, abiī, abitūrus (5) to go away lōtus, lōtī, f. (1) (fruit-bearing tree) āmittō, -ere, āmīsī, āmissus (4) to lose reperiō, -īre, repperī, repertus (6) to find frūctus, frūctūs, m. (5) fruit septimus, -a, -um (2) seventh hospitium, hospitiī, n. (7) hospitality Perfect Pluperfect Future Perfect reperiō, reperīre, repperī, repertus - FIND - 3rd plural ACTIVE PASSIVE 178

179 Land of the Lotus-Eaters (Cont.) Ulixēs ad ūndecimam hōram exspectāvit et hōs trēs sociōs cum aliīs virīs validīs quaerere cōnstituit. Ubi igitur trēs sociōs repperit, eīs dīxit, Quoniam ad patriam nostram redīre necesse est, mox abībimus. Nōbīscum sine morā venīte! Ūnus socius dīxit, Quī estis? Nescīmus. Nōbīs hīc manēre placet. Numquam ab hōc locō abībimus. Sine morā trēs virī captī sunt et manūs post terga ligātae sunt et eī ad nāvēs tractī sunt. Tum omnēs in nāvēs ascendērunt et ā lītore Āfricae ē portū celerrimē solvērunt. ligō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus (7) to tie, bind portus, portūs, m. (5) port, harbor manus, manūs, f. (4) hand ūndecimus, -a, -um (1) eleventh Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Ablative manus, manūs, f. tergum, tergī, n. Singular Plural Singular Plural 179

180 Present Participle Perfect Participle Future Participle vītō, vītāre, vītāvī, vītātus - AVOID ACTIVE PASSIVE X X X X Present Participle Perfect Participle Future Participle teneō, tenēre, tenuī, tentus - HOLD ACTIVE PASSIVE X X X X Present Participle Perfect Participle Future Participle claudō, claudere, clausī, clausus - CLOSE ACTIVE PASSIVE X X X X Present Participle Perfect Participle Future Participle reperiō, reperīre, repperī, repertus - FIND ACTIVE PASSIVE X X X X 180

181 One-Eyed Giant Polyphemus Ventus secundus duodecim nāvēs Ulixis et sociōrum eius ad īnsulam Polyphēmī, quī ingēns corpus et sōlum oculum in mediō capite habēbat, tulērunt. Nōn longē ā lītore ubi nāvēs relīquērunt, Ulixēs et duodecim ē sociīs eius ingentem spēluncam intrāvērunt. Intrā hanc spēluncam multum cibum et magnam cōpiam lactis repperērunt. Omnēs sē rogābant, Quis in hāc spēluncā habitat? Tot ovēs hīc errant. ferō, ferre, tulī, lātus (20) to bring, carry lac, lactis, n. (2) milk ingēns, ingentis (gen.) (5) huge, great ovis, ovis, f. (12) sheep intrā (3) (with acc.) inside, within Present Imperfect Future Perfect Pluperfect Future Perfect Present Participle relinquō, relinquere, relīquī, relictus - LEAVE - 3rd singular ACTIVE PASSIVE X X 181

182 One-Eyed Giant Polyphemus (Cont.) Interim Polyphēmus in spēluncam cum plūribus ovibus vēnit portamque ingentī saxō clausit. Ulixem et aliōs virōs cōnspiciēns, statim rogāvit, Quī estis vōs? Polyphēmum mē appellant. Quid hīc facitis? Ulixēs respondit, Nōs sumus nautae Graecī, ad Ithacam patriam nostram redīre temptantēs. Hospitium petimus. Ferēsne ad nōs cibum et lac? ferō, ferre, tulī, lātus (20) to bring, carry lac, lactis, n. (2) milk ingēns, ingentis (gen.) (5) huge, great ovis, ovis, f. (12) sheep intrā (3) (with acc.) inside, within Positive Comparative Superlative bonus malus magnus parvus multus multī 182

183 One-Eyed Giant Polyphemus (Cont.) Polyphēmus rīsit et statim duōs virōs captōs cōnsūmpsit. Post hanc cēnam mox dormiēbat. Omnēs nautae, praeter Ulixem, mortem futūram timēbant quod duo amīcī vītam āmīsērunt. Dum Cyclōps dormit, Ulixēs sibi dīxit, Quōmodo ex hāc spēluncā exīre poterimus? Cōnsilium tamen capere nōndum potuit. Prīmā lūce Polyphēmus surrēxit et duo aliī captī atque cōnsūmptī sunt. Tum ē spēluncā cum ovibus exiit portamque ingentī saxō iterum clausit. Ulixēs sine morā reliquīs virīs coāctīs dīxit, Magnum et gravem pālum ad mē ferrī iubeō; nam hunc pālum acūtum faciēmus. Hōc pālō acūtō Cyclōpem caecum faciēmus. acūtus, -a, -um (3) sharp, pointed pālus, pālī, m. (5) stake, stick caecus, -a, -um (3) blind rīdeō, -ēre, rīsī, rīsus (8) to laugh, smile cōgō, -ere, coēgī, coāctus (7) to gather; to force, compel surgō, -ere, surrēxī, surrēctūrus (2) to rise, get up nōndum (5) not yet Perfect Pluperfect Future Perfect āmittō, āmittere, āmīsī, āmissus - LOSE - 3rd plural ACTIVE PASSIVE 183

184 One-Eyed Giant Polyphemus (Cont.) Omnēs celerrimē labōrāvērunt quod hoc opus ante adventum Polyphēmī cōnficere in animō habēbant. Sub noctem Polyphēmus sē rettulit et duōs aliōs virōs cōnsūmpsit. Deinde Ulixēs eum rogāvit, Nōnne vīnum post cēnam bibere cupis? Licetne mihi ad tē vīnum ferre? Polyphēmus respondit, Fer ad mē vīnum et tū post reliquōs sociōs tuōs cōnsūmēris! Cyclōps vīnum trāditum bibit et mox dormiēbat. Tum Ulixēs et omnēs sociī pālum acūtum cēpērunt et oculum Polyphēmī celeriter trānsfīxērunt. Maximō cum clāmōre ille surrēxit pālumque ex oculō suō trāxit. Manibus virōs, quī oculum trānsfīxerant, quaerēbat, sed frūstrā; nam virī longē ā Cyclōpe caecō manēre poterant. adventus, adventūs, m. (1) arrival surgō, -ere, surrēxī, surrēctūrus (2) to rise, get up clāmor, clāmōris, m. (2) shout, shouting trānsfīgō, -ere, trānsfīxī, trānsfīxus (2) to pierce referō, referre, rettulī, relātus (4) to bring back, return sub (6) (with abl.) under; (with acc.) just before 184

185 One-Eyed Giant Polyphemus (Cont.) Ulixēs quidem hoc cōnsilium novum magnā cum sapientiā cēpit: ubi Cyclōps ē spēluncā ovēs mittet, reliquī sociī sub ovibus cēlābuntur et hōc modō tūtī ē spēluncā exīre poterunt. Dēnique Polyphēmus ā portā spēluncae ingēns saxum āmōvit. At hōc tempore ipse in portā sēdit et, dum ovēs ē spēluncā exībant, terga omnium tangēbat; nam reliquōs virōs āmittī nōn cupiēbat. At reliquī virī sub ovibus sē cēlāre et ad nāvēs suās currere potuērunt. Deinde in nāvēs ascendērunt et ē portū celerrimē solvērunt. āmoveō, -ēre, āmōvī, āmōtus (1) porta, portae, f. (11) portus, portūs, m. (5) to move away; to remove gate; outlet port, harbor sedeō, -ēre, sēdī, sessūrus (13) tangō, -ere, tetigī, tāctus (3) tergum, tergī, n. (3) to sit to touch back Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Ablative portus, portūs, m. tergum, tergī, n. Singular Plural Singular Plural 185

186 1st Decl. 2nd Decl. M.(F.) 2nd Decl. N. 3rd Decl. M.F. 3rd Decl. N. S. PL. S. PL. S. PL. S. PL. S. PL. Nom. Gen. Dat. Acc. Abl. Time Expressions for + time = in, at, on + time = 1. paucōs annōs 2. brevī tempore 3. septem hōrās 4. quārtā hōrā 5. decem mēnsibus 6. trēs annōs 7. aestāte 8. octō annīs 9. novem diēs 10. hiemem 11. illō tempore 12. quīnque diēs 13. octāvō mēnse 14. multās hōrās 15. trēs mēnsēs 16. mediō hieme 17. eōdem diē 18. septimā hōrā 186

187 Country of the Winds Polyphēmus, fīlius Neptūnī, erat īrātissimus et ad patrem appropinquāvit et dīxit, Graecī mē caecum fēcērunt. Ad patriam Ithacam nāvigāre temptant. Sī tibi placet, eōs pūnī et multōs annōs ā patriā eōrum tenē! Neptūnus respondit, Doleō, mī fīlī, quod oculō tuō vidēre nōn potes. Graecī ab Ithacā multōs annōs tenēbuntur; dux eōrum autem ad patriam suam referētur, sed cum nūllīs sociīs. Post paucōs diēs Ulixēs et sociī eius ad īnsulam Aeoliam, ubi Aeolus ventōs regēbat, lātī sunt. Ulixēs, ubi ad Aeolum appropinquāvit, dīxit, Mē Ulixem appellant et sumus Graecī quī circum tōtum mare portantur. Secundum ventum habēre necesse est; ita ad īnsulam Ithacam, patriam nostram, portābimur. Aeolia, Aeoliae, f. (1) (island of the winds) ferō, ferre, tulī, lātus (20) to bring, carry Aeolus, Aeolī, m. (6) (god of the winds) 1st 2nd 3rd Active Personal Endings Passive Personal Endings Singular Plural Singular Plural 1st 2nd 3rd 187

188 Country of the Winds (Cont.) Aeolus magnō cum hospitiō Ulixem et omnēs sociōs excēpit et dīxit, Ubi ab eā īnsulā abīre parātī eritis, vōbīs auxilium feram. Nunc vōbīs quiēscere licet. Itaque sex diēs Graecī in eā īnsulā mānsērunt. Dēnique septimō diē omnēs nāvēs parārī iussae sunt. Dum nāvēs parantur, Aeolus ad Ulixem magnum saccum, plēnum ventōrum praeter ūnum, tulit. Zephyrō secundō vōs ad Ithacam ferēminī. Nōlī saccum aperīre et hunc saccum longē ā sociīs tuīs cēlā! Ulixēs deō ventōrum maximās grātiās ēgit moxque ē portū solvit. diē (abl.s.) day septimus, -a, -um (2) seventh quiēscō, -ere, quiēvī, quiētus (2) to rest Zephyrus, Zephyrī, m. (1) Zephyr, West Wind iubeō, iubēre, iussī, iussus - ORDER - 3rd singular ACTIVE PASSIVE Present Imperfect Future 188

189 Country of the Winds (Cont.) Novem diēs nāvēs trāns mare ferēbantur, ubi tandem lītus Ithacae vidēbātur. Nēmō scit cūr, sed Ulixēs fuit fessissimus moxque dormiēbat. Sociī sē rogābant, Quid vērō in illō saccō est? Aurum argentumque quidem in saccō cēlantur. Itaque saccus, quem Ulixēs cum cūrā nōn custōdiēbat, captus et apertus est. Sine morā maximā tempestāte ad terram, ubi nautae tandem portum tūtissimum repperērunt, nāvēs pulsae sunt. In hāc terrā habitābant gigantēs maiōrēs quam Cyclōpēs. Hī gigantēs impetum fēcērunt et cūnctās nāvēs praeter ūnam, in quā Ulixēs stābat, dēlēvērunt. Ulixēs igitur statim ē portū solvit quod plūra perīcula vītāre volēbat. argentum, argentī, n. (2) silver impetus, impetūs, m. (7) attack gigās, gigantis, m. (2) giant ACTIVE cēlō, cēlāre, cēlāvī, cēlātus - HIDE - 3rd plural PASSIVE Present Imperfect Future 189

190 Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Ablative Fifth Declension rēs, reī, f. diēs, diēī, f. Singular Plural Singular Plural 1. I slept through the day. (diēs, diēī, m. - Decl.) Nom. Gen. Dat. Acc.-D.O. Acc.-Prep. Abl.-Prep. Abl.-No Prep. / S. PL. 2. It was a great danger of affairs. (rēs, reī, f. - Decl.) Nom. Gen. Dat. Acc.-D.O. Acc.-Prep. Abl.-Prep. Abl.-No Prep. / S. PL. 3. She left without hope. (spēs, speī, f. - Decl.) Nom. Gen. Dat. Acc.-D.O. Acc.-Prep. Abl.-Prep. Abl.-No Prep. / S. PL. 4. It was a journey of three days. (diēs, diēī, m. - Decl.) Nom. Gen. Dat. Acc.-D.O. Acc.-Prep. Abl.-Prep. Abl.-No Prep. / S. PL. 5. She changed him with her face. (faciēs, faciēī, f. - Decl.) Nom. Gen. Dat. Acc.-D.O. Acc.-Prep. Abl.-Prep. Abl.-No Prep. / S. PL. 6. Caesar drew up the battle line. (aciēs, aciēī, f. - Decl.) Nom. Gen. Dat. Acc.-D.O. Acc.-Prep. Abl.-Prep. Abl.-No Prep. / S. PL. 7. I explained the whole situation. (rēs, reī, f. - Decl.) Nom. Gen. Dat. Acc.-D.O. Acc.-Prep. Abl.-Prep. Abl.-No Prep. / S. PL. 8. There was little hope of help. (spēs, speī, f. - Decl.) Nom. Gen. Dat. Acc.-D.O. Acc.-Prep. Abl.-Prep. Abl.-No Prep. / S. PL. 190

191 Island of Circe Post tempestātem Graecī posterō diē ad īnsulam quandam ūnā nāve appropinquāvērunt. Ulixēs multōs nautās in mediam īnsulam iter facere iussit; nam cibum aquamque dulcem referre necesse erat. Eurylochus fortissimus dux optātus est et brevī tempore Eurylochus et sociī in mediam īnsulam iter facere coepērunt. Mox maximam vīllam repperērunt et fēminam, quae optimē cantābat, audīvērunt. cantō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus (3) to sing; to play (an instrument) posterus, -a, -um (3) next, following diēs, diēī, m. (12) day Present Imperfect Future Perfect Pluperfect Future Perfect Present Infinitive iubeō, iubēre, iussī, iussus - ORDER - 3rd singular ACTIVE PASSIVE 191

192 Island of Circe (Cont.) Circē, ubi vōcēs nautārum audītae sunt, iānuam aperuit et omnēs magnō cum hospitiō ad maximam cēnam invītāvit. Eurylochus, quī dolum timēbat, extrā iānuam exspectāre cōnstituit, sed reliquī libenter intrāvērunt. Vīnum, in quō Circē venēnum quoddam posuerat, ad nautās lātum est. Simul atque Graecī hoc bibērunt, subitō cecidērunt et dormiēbant. Tum Circē capita eōrum tetigit et eōs in porcōs vertit. dolus, dolī, m. (2) trick venēnum, venēnī, n. (5) potion, drug; poison Present Imperfect Future Perfect Pluperfect Future Perfect Present Infinitive ACTIVE ferō, ferre, tulī, lātus - BRING - 3rd plural PASSIVE 192

193 Island of Circe (Cont.) Interim Eurylochus, quī extrā vīllam adhūc sedēbat, ad noctem exspectāvit et tandem ad nāvem sē rettulit. Ubi Ulixem vīdit, dē sociīs et Circā tōtam rem nārrāvit. Ulixēs quidem crēdidit sociōs suōs in perīculō esse. Itaque Eurylochum et cēterōs in nāve relīquit et gladium dextrā cēpit et sōlus ad vīllam celerrimē iit. Ubi ad vīllam pulcherrimam advēnit, subitō appāruit deus Mercurius; nam dē rē perīculōsā eum monēre volēbat. Dīxit, Haec est vīlla Circae quae maximā arte magicā sociōs tuōs in porcōs vertit. Cape hanc herbam et contrā artem magicam eius dēfendēris. herba, herbae, f. (3) herb rēs, reī, f. (3) thing, situation, story magicus, -a, -um (2) magic tangō, -ere, tetigī, tāctus (3) to touch porcus, porcī, m. (6) pig vertō, -ere, vertī, versus (6) to turn, change dēfendō, dēfendere, dēfendī, dēfēnsus - PROTECT - 2nd singular ACTIVE PASSIVE Present Imperfect Future 193

194 The Enchantress is Foiled Ulixēs herbam, ā Mercuriō trāditam, ēdit et ad iānuam vīllae appropinquāvit. Circē iānuam statim aperuit et Ulixī dīxit, Tū magnō cum hospitiō ad cēnam invītāris. Post cēnam Circē Ulixī vīnum, in quō idem venēnum posuerat, dedit. Ulixēs tamen, simul atque hoc bibit, nōn cecidit et nōn dormīvit. Posteā, Circē caput eius tetigit, sed Ulixēs in porcum vertī nōn potuit ob potentiam eius herbae quam Ulixī Mercurius dederat. Ulixēs gladium dextrā cēpit et magnō cum clāmōre impetum fēcit et eam interfectūrus erat, ubi Circē multīs cum lacrimīs clāmāvit, Nōlī mē interficere! Ulixēs clāmāvit, Sociōs meōs sine morā in hominēs verte! clāmor, clāmōris, m. (2) shout, shouting ob (3) (with acc.) because of interficiō, -ere, interfēcī, interfectus (23) to kill potentia, potentiae, f. (3) power 1st 2nd 3rd Active Personal Endings Passive Personal Endings Singular Plural Singular Plural 1st 2nd 3rd 194

195 The Enchantress is Foiled (Cont.) Circē, ubi haec audīta sunt, ad pedēs Ulixis sē iēcit et multīs cum lacrimīs dīxit, Sociī tuī in hominēs vertentur. Porcōs, servī, in ātrium ferte. Porcī mox intrāvērunt et sine morā ducem suum cīnxērunt. Circē autem omnēs porcōs statim in hominēs vertit et magnō cum gaudiō Ulixēs suōs sociōs salūtāvit. Ubi ūnus ē sociīs Ulixī tōtam rem nārrāvit, Ulixēs fuit īrātior quam ante et nūntiāvit, Crās ab hāc īnsulā celerrimē discēdere in animō habēmus. Sine morā hanc vīllam relinquimus. Circē, iam trīstior, dīxit, Sī vōbīs placet, nōlīte discēdere. Licetne mihi cēnam et vīnum sine venēnō vōbīs dare? Magnō cum hospitiō apud mē manēre potestis. apud (3) (with acc.) at the house of, with salūtō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus (1) to greet Perfect Pluperfect Future Perfect audiō, audīre, audīvī, audītus - HEAR - 3rd plural ACTIVE PASSIVE 195

196 The Enchantress is Foiled (Cont.) Ulixēs respondit, Bene. Statim nōn discēdēmus; paucōs diēs manēbimus. Paene tōtus annus tamen in īnsulā Circae āctus est! Tandem Ulixēs uxōrem fīliumque iterum vidēre maximē dēsīderāvit. Itaque sociīs ad sē vocātīs nūntiāvit, Nunc tempus est discēdere. Nāvem nostram parābimus et tertiō diē solvēmus. Interim Circē, dum omnia parābantur, magnopere dolēbat quod Ulixem adhūc amābat. Ille tamen, postquam tempestātem secundam invēnit, sine morā solvit. Post multa perīcula et mortem omnium sociōrum quidem Ulixēs sōlus in patriam suam advēnit! agō, -ere, ēgī, āctus (12) to do; to drive; to spend; (with grātiās) to give tertius, -a, -um (3) third parō, parāre, parāvī, parātus - PREPARE - 3rd singular ACTIVE PASSIVE Present Imperfect Future 196

197 Unit XII Vocabulary Review Nouns Adjectives/Pronouns adventus, adventūs, m. (1) arrival acūtus, -a, -um (3) sharp, pointed Aeolus, Aeolī, m. (6) (god of the winds) caecus, -a, -um (3) blind argentum, argentī, n. (2) silver dulcis, -e (6) sweet; fresh clāmor, clāmōris, m. (2) shout, shouting duodecim (3) twelve diēs, diēī, m. (12) day ingēns, ingentis (gen.) (5) huge, great dolus, dolī, m. (2) trick magicus, -a, -um (2) magic frūctus, frūctūs, m. (5) fruit posterus, -a, -um (3) next, following gigās, gigantis, m. (2) giant septimus, -a, -um (2) seventh herba, herbae, f. (3) herb tertius, -a, -um (3) third hospitium, hospitiī, n. (7) hospitality ūndecimus, -a, -um (1) eleventh impetus, impetūs, m. (7) lac, lactis, n. (2) manus, manūs, f. (4) mare, maris, n. (6) ovis, ovis, f. (12) pālus, pālī, m. (5) porcus, porcī, m. (6) attack milk hand sea sheep stake, stick pig Verbs abeō, abīre, abiī, abitūrus (5) agō, -ere, ēgī, āctus (12) āmittō, -ere, āmīsī, āmissus (4) āmoveō, -ēre, āmōvī, āmōtus (1) to go away to do; to drive; to spend; (with grātiās) to give to lose to move away; to remove porta, portae, f. (11) portus, portūs, m. (5) potentia, potentiae, f. (3) gate; outlet port, harbor power cantō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus (3) cōgō, -ere, coēgī, coāctus (7) to sing; to play (an instrument) to gather; to force, compel rēs, reī, f. (3) thing, situation, story exeō, exīre, exiī, exitūrus (5) to go out socius, sociī, m. (24) companion, ally ferō, ferre, tulī, lātus (20) to bring, carry tergum, tergī, n. (3) back interficiō, -ere, interfēcī, interfectus (23) to kill venēnum, venēnī, n. (5) potion, drug; poison ligō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus (7) to tie, bind Zephyrus, Zephyrī, m. (1) Zephyr, West Wind prandeō, -ēre, prandī (3) to have lunch quaerō, -ere, quaesīvī, quaesītus (3) to seek, search for quiēscō, -ere, quiēvī, quiētus (2) to rest 197

198 referō, referre, rettulī, relātus (4) to bring back, return Miscellaneous reperiō, -īre, repperī, repertus (6) rīdeō, -ēre, rīsī, rīsus (8) salūtō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus (1) to find to laugh, smile to greet apud (3) intrā (3) (with acc.) at the house of, with (with acc.) inside, within sedeō, -ēre, sēdī, sessūrus (13) to sit nōndum (5) not yet surgō, -ere, surrēxī, surrēctūrus (2) to rise, get up ob (3) (with acc.) because of tangō, -ere, tetigī, tāctus (3) trānsfīgō, -ere, trānsfīxī, trānsfīxus (2) to touch to pierce sub (6) (with abl.) under; (with acc.) just before vertō, -ere, vertī, versus (6) to turn, change 198