u=tdn=u C=aq]= R=UpOt Qw=vi R= xswqb sqk= xjq=bl} p}wld QO

Transkripts

1

2 1396 'h}qw u=qta UOvyt :vi CW=OO=} ' "X '1/1 xq=tw '332 xqwo u=tdn=u C=aq]= R=UpOt Qw=vi R= xswqb sqk= xjq=bl} p}wld QO Q=}O=DU= v}ulx=w O}Lw O=DU= uulotlt OWQ= T=vWQ OwUq=QHL u}ul DavY x=owv=o 'CU} R \}Lt w u=qta UOvyt xomwv=o Research Note =Q =v@ OQmrta w m} R}i C=}YwYN xm CU= Oa)@ xu rot 'u=tdn=u C=aq]= pot =Q@ =md= p@=k w lqdwt xo=o x=o}=b l} u}vjty w OyO t V}=tv p=d}h}o CQwYx@ Q=}U@ =}=Rt OwHw =@ "OwW t?wult =v@ Qta xnqj pw] QO?U=vt =ys}tyd PN= xdiyv p}uv=db R= xota VN@ 'swuqt =yo=oq=qk }xq} RH C}y=t p}ro x@ 'QwmPt Qw=:vi (IPD) xswqb sqk= xjq=bl} p}wld 'Qo}O wu R= "Ov=t t xo=idu= uwo@ u; QO HwQN xm CU= u; p=@vo x@ v=qta =yxswqb QO O=OQ=Qk u}wv OQm}wQ l} u=wvax@ xswqb QO Q}oQO ry= u}iq] =yxr}ov= w xswqb h=oy= uoqm =DU=Qsy j} Q] R= =Q =yxswqb u}@=t wk \=@DQ= O=H}= ' O=OQ=Qk pot u}= =QH= C=} QwQ[ R= m} "OWN@ Ow@y@ x@ iq] R= "OwW t jklt BIM s}@ R= Q}oxQy@ =@ syt u}= "CU= xswqb u=aiv P u}= QO "OwW t QU}t BIM =}=Rt R= }xv}w}@ Q}oxQy@ 'IPD D=P =y os} w?hwt QO BIM R= Q}oxQy@ =yov}=qi u}wod w UQQ@ x@ IPD w BIM iqat ut[ 'Q=DWwv }xv=n@=dm O=vU= xar=]t Q@ vd@t O=yvW}B Ov}=Qi "CU= xow xdn=oqb IPD =QH= x@ 'xswqb u=aiv P ovy=ty w Q=mty C}wkD =@ xowu}wod Ov}=Qi R= Q}oxQy@ =@ w CU= "O}t=Hv= Oy=wN v=qta =yxswqb =y HwQN Ow@y@ shahhosseini@aut.ac.ir sebt@aut.ac.ir hossein.hi@aut.ac.ir Qw=:vi ' v=qta u} wv =yo=oq=qk 'xswqb sqk= xjq=bl} p} wld % O}rm u=os=w "Q=O}=B R=U w CN=U 'u=tdn=u C=aq]= R=UpOt xtokt "1 QO xow?=ndv= O=OQ=Qk pot x@,=o}ow =yxswqb =QH= w C} Q}Ot 'Qo}O wu R= CLD =Q xswqb C}kiwt VHvU =yq=}at x}rm 'pot u}= "CU= xdu@=w xswqb =OD@= sqk= xjq=bl} p}wld "C}i}m w 'u=tr 'xv} Ry uwj }=yq=}at &O=O Oy=wN Q=Qk Q}F-=D p=@vo x@ v=qta =yxswqb QO O=OQ=Qk u}wv OQm}wQ l} u=wvax@ 2 IPD xswqb =yxr}ov= =@ xswqb h=oy= uoqm =DU=Qsy j} Q] R= =Q =yxswqb HwQN xm 'CU= u; 'xswqb QO }=[i u}vj O=H}= R=}vV}B "OWN@ Ow@y@ xswqb QO Q}oQO ry= u}iq] "CU= xswqb u=aiv P u}@=t 3 QF-wt Q=mty w?u=vt \@=wq OwHw KQ]t u=tdn=u C=aq]= R=UpOt Qw=:vi =Q@ xrwqt= xm YN=W =}=Rt R= xswqb u=aiv P u}@ Q=mty C} wkd w ovy=ty O=H}= 'C=]=@DQ= p}yud 'OwW t Kw]U BIM os}w u}= "OQ}o t Q=Qk xhwd OQwt QDtm Q=}U@ C}ty= OwHw =@ xm 'CU= R= "OR=U t umtt =Q IPD =yxswqb QO R=}vOQwt QF-wt \=@DQ= w Q=mty R= r=a C}r@=k u}= R= OvtxQy@ =Q@?U=vt =[i O=OQ=Qk =ypot Q}=U QO 'Qo}O wu p=ta=,qt=m IPD Qo = 'NASFA w AIA Q_v j@] "OwW tv sy=qi BIM syt Oy=wN hq]q@ BIM =yc}iq_ R= Q}oxQy@ x=q QO xow }=U=vW `v=wt NQ@ 'OwW [3w2] "OW Ow@y@ w CN=U w L=Q] Ov}=Qi KqY= uwo@ v=qta =yxswqb QO Q=O}=B x@ p}v 'u} wv =y Qw=:vi Qwy_ 'Q}N= =yp=u QO "CU}v umtt xswqb CqwYLt C}i}m C=O}rwD V}=Ri= w 'xswqb =y HwQN C}i}m Ow@y@ '=yxv} Ry Vy=m 'xor=@ V}=Ri= O} wv u=tdn=u C=aq]= R=UpOt "CU= xdw=o x=qty x@ R=U w CN=U CavY =Q@ =Q C=aq]= R=UpOt Qw=:vi "CU= xowqmp =y Qw=:vi u} QDsyt xrth R= 1 BIM?wULt R=U w CN=U CavY QO O}OH,=D@Uv Qw=:vi l} BIM u=tdn=u CN=U CavY QO wq V}B CqmWt Q=}U@ x@ `t=h NU=B Ov=wD t w [1] 'OwW t x}rm w=l Oa)@ xu R=Ht m}i=qo pot O}rwD Ov}=Qi `k=w QO BIM "OW=@ QO w p}rld 'Cw=iDt =yxv} Ro KQ] xv}tr Ov=wD t xm 'CU=v@ U=U= C=aq]= l} xmv; R= QDW}@ pot u}= "OR=U sy=qi =Q =yv; u=}t R= QDQ@ xv} Ro?=NDv= C}=yv QO xo=idu= p@=k BIM xmv; OwHw =@ "CU= xo=o x=o}=b l} 'OW=@ m}i=qo KQ] xu VwQ Ovv=t pwtat =QH= =yvwq rw 'CU= xswqb =QH= =yvwq xty "OvDU}v Qw=:vi u}= QO xdiyv C}iQ_ xty R= Q}oxQy@ x@ QO=k DBB rt=a pwut xovu}wv " VQ}PB ' x}lqy= ' Ci=} QO %M} Q=D

3 [2] "OR=U t Q=Owtv pta QO =Q u; xdiyv =yc}r@=k BIM Q=R@= R= Q}oxQy@ xar=]t =@ w xowxdn=oqb s}@ =}=Rt UQQ@ x@ R}v 2013 Qo}O Q=DWwv QO xswqb wq Q@ QDy@ pqdvm 'OvOQ@ t xqy@ Qw=:vi u}= R= xm ' v=tdn=u xswqb 35 R= "CU= xow }=U=vW xowvq=ro C} Rt u} QDG}=Q u=wvax@ =yxv} Ry R=Uxv}y@ w =y HwQN 'u=aiv P u}@=t C=]=@DQ= Ow@y@ w CN=U u=tr Vy=m 'Qo}O hq] =yq=ri=sqv R= xo=idu= =yvr=j "OvwW t?wult BIM XN=W w 'C@Ft [9] "OvwW t?wult u; R= xo=idu= CqmWt u} QDsyt 'BIM w R=Unvy=ty Q=R@= l} u=wvax@ BIM r=th= iqat ut[ 'Q=DWwv u}= QO "OwW t K} QWD wo u}= u=trsy Q}oQ=m x@ CQwQ[ '=QH= VwQ l} u=wvax@ IPD IPD =yxswqb QO u=aiv P R=Unvy=ty OvwQ O=yvW}B Ov}=Qi x=q= =@ u=}=b QO ' O=yvW}B OvwQ Q}oQ=mx@ =@ CU= O}t= "OwW t u}}@d BIM Qw=:vi R= xo=idu= =@ Qw] x@ xswqb =y HwQN 'IPD u=aiv P Cqt=aD w =y Q=mty Ow@y@ ut[ "O@=} Ow@y@ Q}osWJ """u=tdn=u C=aq]= R=UpOt Qw=:vi R= Q}oxQy@ xswqb sqk= xjq=bl} p}wld "3 QO uwo =vwo =yxynd =@ hrdnt CmQW OvJ Q=mty OvtR=}v xo}j}b =yxswqb Q=mty =@ xm }=yxswqb QO C}kiwt R= u=v}t]= =Q@ [10] "OvDUy xswqb s=hv= CyH?=UL x@ O}rm pt=a l} 'xswqb u=aiv P u}@=t O=tDa= 'OvwW t s=hv= CmQW OvJ COW x@ ojq=bl} w Q=mty x@ R=}v '=yxswqb xvwou}= C}y=t p}ro x@ w [11] 'O}; t [12] "CU= TwULt QO R=}vOQwt `}Uw Q=mty x@ Vvm =w l} 'xswqb sqk= xjq=bl} p}wld CLD =Q hrdnt =yu=tr=u QO O=} R O=Qi= xm 'CU= 21 uqk xo}j}b =yxswqb 'O}OH xswqb Qy =@ OwQ t Q=_Dv= VwQ uow@o}oh p}ro x@ "O=O Oy=wN Q=Qk Q}F-=D %Ow@ Oy=wN CQwY u}= x@ u; OQmrta ' rm Cr=L QO =t= "OQ}o CQwY u; QO LqY= pmwdt RmQt s}d l} p}mwd 'xswqb =QH= CyH xow?=ndv= O}rm =ycmqw Ov}=Qi QO Q}oQO U=U= u=mq= Q}=U w 'Q=mv=t}B 'Qw=Wt TOvyt 'Q=tat '=tqiq=m R= x@ u} Q}=U w =tqiq=m u}@ x@v=hovj OL=w O=OQ=Qk l} TBU "O=O Ovy=wN =Q CN=U "OW Oy=wN p}mwd D} Q}Ot xwqo OvJ =} l} 'O=OQ=Qk =[t= R= TB "OUQ t =[t= C}i}m w 'xv} Ry 'u=tr E}L R= xswqb h=oy= u}}@d x@ s=ok= RmQt s}d u; R= TB w C=]=@DQ= xwlv '=ycmqw xv}tm O=OaD =@ Q=mty Ovv=t Qo}O \}=QW "Ovm t s}ukd RmQt s}d \UwD =yv=o=b w OwU "OvwW?}wYD w UQQ@ Ovv=wD t R}v C}vt= O}m-=D,qwtat "OW Ovy=wN Ci=} QO 'xswqb h=oy= =v@t Q@,q=tDL= w w u=tdn=u C=aq]= R=UpOt ' 4?=v R=U w CN=U =yvwq R= xo=idu= Q@ ry= OvtDQOk Q=}U@ swyit l} IPD "Ow@ Oy=wN 5 xswqb C} Q}Ot C=aq]= =ysdu}u R=}vOQwt Q=mty R= }q=@ Kw]U xm O@=} t =Q OwN pt=m =vat v=tr rw 'CU= "OW=@ CU=yxSwQB =QH= QO OQm}wQ l} IPD '=m} Qt; u=q=tat xuu-wt h} QaD j@] =Q xswqb =QH= =@ \@DQt =yc}r=ai x}rm w CQ=HD Q=DN=U '=ysdu}u 'O=Qi= xm 'QF-wt Q=mty Q@ vd@t OQm}wQ l} QO xm Ov}=Qi "OQw; t sy OQo Ov}=Qi l} QO 'xswqb G}=Dv uoqmxv}y@ CyH QO xswqb u=aiv P x}rm =y }=v=wd w =yo=oadu= R= =yr=i x}rm QO QwxQy@ V}=Ri= w 'C=a}=[ Vy=m '=tqiq=m =Q@ VRQ= V}=Ri= IPD R= YNWt h} QaD xvwoi}y [2] "OQ@ t xqy@ Q=OQ@xQy@ w CN=U ' L=Q] xwhw VwQ u}= x@ xdiq}pbcqwy =yxswqb xty u=}t p=l u}= =@ "OQ=Ov OwHw O=OQ=Qk "OvwW t xdn=vw R}v IPD ry= =y os} w u=wvax@ xm OQ=O OwHw mqdwt R=Us}tYD w 'lqdwt u=} R w OwU ' O}rm pt=wa s=ovyowr CmQ=Wt 'x@v=hovj "OvwW t?wult O=OQ=Qk pot u}= ry= =y os}w R= lqdwt =yxswqb =yr=}vv}b u} QDsyt R= xswqb u=aiv P u}@=t QF-wt \=@DQ= w Q=mty CQwYx@ xswqb u=aiv P?=NDv= 'lqdwt u=} R w OwU "OwW t?wult IPD s=ovyowr CmQ=Wt 'lqdwt Qw] x@ h=oy= h} QaD 'x@v=hovj O=OQ=Qk ' 6 DQwWt u}w}b C=ar=]t "2 u=q=mqov=cuo pw@k OQwt u=ovj Rwvy w OwW t?wult O}OH,=D@Uv VwQ IPD xuu-wt Ovv=t C=UU-wt NQ@ VqD OwHw =@ 'CU= xdiqov Q=Qk CN=U CavY G}wQD CyH QO AGC =m} Qt; xota u=q=mv=t}b uthv= w AIA =m} Qt; u=q=tat 'QwmPt VwQ x@ xows=hv= OOaDt jiwt =yxswqb OwHw =@ w O=OQ=Qk pot u}= Ow@y@ w p}qo [64] "CU= R}J=v Q=}U@ 'OvUQ t s=hv= x@ VwQ u}= x@ xm }=yxswqb u=r}t uow@o}oh %xrth R= 'OQ=O OwHw IPD VwQ R= Q}oxQy@ OvwQ Ov)m =Q@ OOaDt =ylu} Q ' O=OQ=Qk swuqt =yvwq x@ CN=U CavY uq=ai udw=oco=a 'u; Q}N= C=ar=]t QO "u; R=}vOQwt Q=mty q=@ K]U w QwmPt VwQ P=ND= vwv=k QO WywSB QO "CU= xdiqo Q=Qk xhwd OQwt Q=}U@ IPD =QH= wq V}B `v=wt `iq Q=DN=U kwkl "1 %CU= xow s}ukd rm xduo 4 x@ OwHwt `v=wt '2011 p=u O=tDa= ovyqi "3 &=yv=o=b w lu} Q s}yud O=YDk= "2 &?U=vt O=OQ=Qk xm }=yvywsb [7] "u=aiv}p u}@ Q=mty C}r@=k Qw=:vi =@ \@DQt "4 & t}d Q=m w 'Ov=xO=O VWwB =Q u; syt p=ut R= Q=}U@ 'CU= xdiqocqwy IPD wq uwvm =D Q}=U w IPD u}@=t =ycw=id 'O=OQ=Qk p=mw= w 'Q=DN=U '=QH= =y=tvy=q %xrth R= ' t}d Q=m w O=tDa= pft ]=@DQ= w ovyqi p=ut ' O=OQ=Qk swuqt =yvwq xov}; 'xdiqocqwy C=ar=]t "BIM =@ }=Ri=sy w '=QH= R= W=v Ov}=Qi C=Q}}eD "OvDUy QwYDt O=OQ=Qk VwQ u}= =Q@ =Q vwwq Qo}O xar=]t QO "Ov=xDN=OQB BIM =}=Rt VQ=ov w xar=]t x@ O=} R O=Qi= CN=U R= V}B =}=Rt &CU= xow Ov@xk@] xduo 4 QO BIM =}=Rt '2011 'xswqb R=?U=vt Q}wYD u}t-=d L=Q] u}l =}=Rt ' HvUu=mt= w swyit UQQ@ =QH= w CN=U u}l =}=Rt ' Oa)@ wo =yxwkv O}rwD 'C=y=@DW= Q=mOwN K}LYD Ovv=t CN=U R= TB =}=Rt w OQw;Q@ 'C=a]k Q=mOwN CN=U 'C=[k=vD }=U=vW [1] "u=tdn=u C} Q}Ot ' Qw=:vi u=oovyoxauwd 'u=q=tat %pt=w CN=U CavY uq=ai R= a}uw xwqo WywSB =yxv}tr =D 'Ov=xDiQo Q=Qk xar=]t OQwt u=}=tqiq=m w 'u=q=mv=t}b 'u=uovyt x@ p}=td 89 =yv; =yxdi=} j@] "OwW swrat BIM xrwl QO =yv; xkqa OQwt QO VywSB x@ 87 xm r=l QO 'Ov=xDW=O C} Q}Ot w BIM \=@DQ= x@ `H=Q VywSB xar=]t OQwt xwqo \UwD xm }=yxo}= u} QDsyt "Ov=xO=O u=wv p}=td IPD xv}tr xyqn OQwt OvJ QO u=wd t =Q 'OvOw@ xow O=yvW}B xov}; C=ar=]t `w[wt u=wvax@ qda= CyH WwQ u=wvax@ IPD QO QovR=@ 'Q=O}=B L=Q] =@ ovy=ty %OQm IPD QO QovR=@ xo}= [8] "xswqb C=}L xnqj QO D} Q}Ot p=ut w 'BIM swyit R= K}LY lqo soa xovyou=wv BIM qda= CyH WwQ u=wva x@?u=vt QDU@ l} BIM 'AIA h} QaD j@] "CU= IPD Ov}=Qi w BIM Qw=:vi u}= x@ xq=w= Qo}O }=H QO =} "OQw; t O}OB L=Q] COt QO Q=mty CyH =@ IPD Ov}=Qi =t= & O=OQ=Qk VwQ l} xv CU= Q=R@= l} BIM %xm OQ=O `w[wt 130

4 1/1 xq=tw '332 xqwo '1396 h} QW u=qta UOvyt "CU}v umtt u=aiv P u}@=t i=m ovy=ty O=H}= y=oq=m C=}RH w Q=tat =yr=}v u=trsy xm xjq=bl} w OL=w pot l} O=H}= Qw=:vi Q[=L p=l QO [25w24] "Ow@ Oy=wN x=qty DqmWt =@ 'OW=@ xdw=o Q@ QO =Q YYND =yr=}v xv=o =OH Qw] x@ Ov=wD t xm CU= xdi=} pt=md OL x@ R=UpOt wn x@ =Q =yv; p=ft= w u=q=mv=t}b 'C=a]k u=oovr=u 'u=q=tat 'u=uovyt KQ]t 2010 p=u QO xswqb Qy =Q@ xjq=bl} xoqwi pot l} O=H}= xo}= "OyO odu@=w w l}orv Q=mty xm Ovvm t =ao= NASFA w AIA [8] "CU= xow R= Q=}U@ w Ow@ Oy=wN hoy u}= CtU x@ mqlt OwN IPD u=aiv P p@=kdt Oy=wN hq]q@ =Q Q=O}=B w xjq=bl} LQ] QO wq V}B =yvr=j x}lwq OwHw w u=aiv P xv=o =OH C}r=ai p}ro x@ QDW}@ xm }=yvr=j [3w2] "OQm =yxr}ov= O=H}= "OwW t W=v swuqt O=OQ=Qk =yvwq QO =yv; u}@=t xv=tyn R= 'OW=@ u} Q}=U OQ)@ x@ xdu@=w hq] Qy OQ)@ xm }=[i w u=aiv P =Q@ lqdwt }=[i O=H}= w Q=mty K]U V}=Ri= x@ QHvt xm 'CU= IPD =y os}w w h=oy= "OW Oy=wN xv=duwo IPD w BIM x=oo}o R= ovy=ty "5 u=wvax@ QDW}@ xjv; 'QmiD u}= =yxw} Q udiqoq_vqo w IPD xv}w}b x@ x=ov QO CyH u=aiv P ovy=ty w Q=mty 'OwW t?wult O=OQ=Qk pot u}= XN=W O=H}= =Q@ xowxdn=vw Q=R@= u} QDy@ u=wvax@ BIM "CU= xswqb =y HwQN Ow@y@ s=v xrwqt= xm CU= R}J u=ty u}= w OwW t?wult Q=mty w ovy=ty u}= "OR=U t Q}PBu=mt= =Q IPD 'BIM [14] "CU= xor xqo Qo}Om} x@ =Q IPD w BIM sy=qi =Q u; =yo=oadu= }=iwmw w BIM R= xv}w}@ OvtxQy@ QDU@ IPD iq] R= L=Q] COt QO Q=mty CyH?U=vt QDU@ l} BIM AIA Q}@aD x@ "OR=U t Q=R@= l} BIM %xm OQ=O `w[wt u}= x@ xq=w= Qo}O }=H QO =} "OQw; t O}OB =yc}r@=k BIM Q=R@= R= Q}oxQy@ =@ IPD Ov}=Qi =t= & O=OQ=Qk VwQ l} xv CU= BIM R= Q}oxQy@ Ov}=Qi UQQ@ =Pr [2] "OR=U t Q=Owtv pta QO =Q u; xdiyv =yov}=qi R= Q}oxQy@ ovwoj w=m =w x@ R=}v xswqb sqk= xjq=bl} p}wld QO OvwQ 'VywSB u}= QO "OQ=O IPD =yxswqb s=hv= OvwQ QO BIM xovvmnvy=ty xar=]t OQwt IPD =yxswqb QO BIM R=Unvy=ty C}r@=k R= Q}oxQy@ =Q@ "CU= xdiqo Q=Qk xovyop}mwd VN@ 3 R= m} xjq=bl} =vat x@ Integrated CQ=@a VwQ x@ =yxswqb =QH= R= }=yv hoy xovyou=wv awv x@ xs=w u}= "CU= IPD pkdut h}=_w s=eo= w u=aiv P uoqmxjq=bl} 'u; }=yv hoy xm 'CU= R}v IPD p}wld QO os}w u} QDsyt Integration 'Qo}O CQ=@ax@ "CU= Qo}Om} =@ =yu; VwQ u}= s=v R= WN@ u=wvax@ =Pr w OwW t?wult xswqb sqk= xjq=bl} =Hx@ '`w[wt C=}@O= QO BIM =}=Rt UQQ@ QO 'u}= OwHw =@ "CU= xow?=ndv= [14] "CU= xow xo=idu= Coordination R= QDW}@ 'Integration C=aq]= R=UpOt Qw=:vi C=Q}F-=D UQQ@ x@ '2013 p=u QO WywSB QO PMBOK QO xowh} QaD C} Q}Ot =yxrwl x=oo}o R= xswqb C}kiwt QO u=tdn=u QDt=Q=B u=wvax@ Coordination uoq@ Q=mx@ xhwd p@=k xdmv "CU= xow xdn=oqb xar=]t p}rld =@ Q=Pos=v QO Q}}eD u}= "CU= 8 ojq=bl} C} Q}Ot ry= =D CU= xow QmP Coordination QDW}@ `H=Qt QO xmv}= x@ xhwd =@ w QwmPt xowqmp s}y=it QDW}@ ovy=ty iq] R= [9] "CU= xow Q=mW; 'Integration =y Q=mty Ow@y@ u}t[d =Q@ xty O}OH O=OQ=Qk C=OyaD udiqoq_vqo w O}rm pt=wa =y Qw=:vi R= xo=idu= 'Qo}O wu R= "CU= xow xdiqo Q_v QO O=OQ=Qk VwQ u}= QO =yo=oq=qk udt QO R}v w ' Q=mty w ovy=ty C}wkD Q=R@= u=wvax@ BIM Ovv=t u}wv [1513] "CU= xow O=yvW}B CL=QY x@ IPD OQ=Ov=DU= u=tdn=u C=aq]= R=UpOt "4 's} Q}o@ Q_v QO L=Q] x}rw= pl=qt QO =Q u=tdn=u OQmrta s}v=wd@ xmv; =Q@ w 'Kr=Yt 'sqi %pft 'Ovvm t h} QaD =Q u=tdn=u xm D=aq]= x}rm x@ UQDUO =tv u}vj 7 O+m \}Lt QO O}rwD =yxwkv,qwtat "CU= QwQ[ vi =ysdu}u C=aq]= pot CQ=@a '2002 p=u R= "OyO tv CUO x@ u=tdn=u R= }xjq=bl} 'u=tdn=u C=aq]= pot "CU= xdiqo Q=Qk xo=idu= OQwt xoqduo Qw] x@ 'u=tdn=u R=Ht pot l} O=H}= j} Q] R= =Q =v@ xovvmh} QaD hrdnt C=aq]= R=UxQ}NP [16] " m}i=qo KQ] l} =D CU= D=aq]= `@vt l} QDW}@ xm rot "OR=U t umtt u=tdn=u l} L=Q] QO xm =Q Oa)@ xu w Oa)@ wo pt=wa OvtWwy CQwY x@ s}@ ' rlt L=Q] \}=QW w }=}i=qeh C}akwt Ovv=t HQ=N pt=wa x=qty x@ 'OvQ=O Vkv =Q@ =Q }xjq=bl} w OL=w `@vt w Ovm t?}mqd D=aq]= x=o}=b l} CQwYx@ x@ xowjq]= OvtWwy "Ovm t sy=qi u=tdn=u u; x@ \w@ Qt C=aq]= x}rm 'jq@ u=uovyt 'Q=tat x@ xm OwW t m}i=qoq}e w m}i=qo C=aq]= pt=w 'QY=va =Q QY=va u}@ UOvy w OQmQ=m \@=wq V}=tv }=v=wd u=q=mv=t}b w C=U}U-=D 'xr=u u=aiv P u}@ xv}y@ w QDW}@ Q=mty O=H}= BIM xduhq@ h=oy= R= m} "OyO t w L=Q] s=o Qy =@ \@DQt C=aq]= R=UxQ}NP =@ xm 'CU=v@ CN=U xuwqb QO C}r@=k u}= "OwW t umtt xswqb u=aiv P x}rm =Q@ syi p@=k v=@ R x@ u; V}=tv 'sy x@ mdt hrdnt C=aq]= R= urnt l} u=wvax@ ' yot}wqu CyH pot R= Q}oxQy@ =@ "Ovm t O=H}= L=Q] w OQmrta p}rld j}ird QO O}OH OQm}wQ UQDUO L=Q] Ov}=Qi ] QO xowh} QaD =yqdt=q=b x@ xq=wty u=wd t pot u}= =yv; R= OQmrta C=@U=Lt CyH w V}=Q}w L=Q] Ov}=Qi u}l QO =Q =yv; w CW=O pt=w u=tdn=u U=U= C=aq]= x}rm p=kdv= xr=h= BIM uwj "OQm xo=idu= Q=O}=B Q}oxR=Ov= CYQi 'OyO t =Q xq}e w C=U}U-=D 'xr=u ' Q=tat OwHw =@ [21w18'17] "OQw; t O}OB L=Q] Ov}=Qi pw] QO u=tdn=u OQmrta p}rld w OwHw x@ u=q=tat =Q@ U=U= =yvr=j 'BIM =v@t Q@ L=Q] x@ p=kdv= xmv}= =yvwq R= xoldt Cq=}= QO Q=tat QD=iO R= 48 Q[=L p=l QO 'CU= xoqw; "OvQ@ t xqy@ BIM 'xswqb C} Q}Ot u}wv Q=m =y?wjq=j QO u=wd t =Q BIM OWQ x@ wq p}=td =Q QF-wt \=@DQ= w Q=mty x@ R=}v IPD "O}O xswqb sqk= xjq=bl} p}wld Ovv=t =y os}w po=@d 'Ovvm t CmQ=Wt xswqb l} QO O=Qi= xm v=tr [1] "Ovm t QDW}@ [19] "CU= C=YNWt u}= R=UOvDUt OvtR=}v 'xswqb u=aiv P u}@ xswqb xynwt Qw] x@ "OQ}o t CQwY u=aiv P u}@ ovy=ty O=H}= Qw_vt x@ C=aq]= po=@d u}= [20] "CiQo t CQwY vdt O=vU= x}=b Q@ =} w Pe=m wq Q@ R=UOvDUt ' DvU \}Lt l} O=H}= =@ w Ovm t R=UOvDUt swuqt =yvwq u} Ro}=H =Q OwN BIM R= QD=Qi Q=}U@ xm 'OR=U t QU}t =Q Q=mty w C=]=@DQ= R= K]U l} R=Ht xo}j}b =yxswqb ovy=ty Q[=L p=l QO "u}=q@=v@ [22] "Ow@ Oy=wN DvU =yov}=qi =yxw}w xauwd =Q@ p;xo}= Ov}=Qi l} BIM "OW=@ BIM OQ@ Q=m u} QDsyt O}=W uwo@ Q=O}=B w xjq=bl} LQ] [23] "CU= s}d <=[a= u}@ QO ]=@DQ= 131

5 u}wod BIM Qw=:vi ltm w IPD =yxswqb QO ovy=ty O=H}= CyH OvwQ %CU= xow K} QWD xt=o= QO xm 'CU= xow xswqb RmQt s}d?=ndv= 'IPD =yo=oq=qk QO s=o u}rw= % RmQt s}d?=ndv= "1 L=Q] s}d '=tqiq=m va} xswqb ry= pt=wa R= pmwdt `k=w QO s}d u}= "CU= pt=wa u}= u}@ x@v=hovj x@v=hxu }xt=vcki=wt "CU= Q=mv=t}B w 'Q=tat OyaDt =tqiq=m x@ Q=tat w Q=mv=t}B \ki xv u; T=U=Q@ xm 'O}UQ Oy=wN =[t= x@ =OD@=,qwtat "OW Ovy=wN OyaDt R}v Qo}Om} x@ O=OQ=Qk T=U=Q@ xmr@ 'OvwW t Q=tat ltm =@ ry= Q=mv=t}B TBU 'OwW t?=ndv= =tqiq=m \UwD Q=tat "OwW t?=ndv= KQ] x@ =tqiq=m R=}v x@ xhwd =@ s}d u}= ' RmQt s}d?=ndv= R= TB % R=OQBxO}= "2 "OyO t CUO x@ xswqb R= rm }=tw KQ] u}= "OvR=OQB t x}rw= L=Q] w xo}= L=Q] pl=qt u} QD }=OD@= R= Q=mv=t}B w =tqiq=m p=ai Qw[L xhwd p@=k xdmv "CU= O}rm pt=a 3 Q@ xwqa '=yxswqb NQ@ QO % O}rm pt=wa Q}=U?=NDv= "3 V}B w =OD@= QO =yv; Qw[L xm 'OvQ=O OwHw R}v Qo}O Q=PoQ}F-=D pt=wa 'xowo=} x@ u=wd t,qft "OQm Oy=wN ltm QDy@ LQ] QO L=Q] R=e; R= Qo = "Ovm?Yv xswqb QO Y=N C=R}yHD CU= Q=Qk xm 'OQm xq=w= aqi Q=mv=t}B Q=mv=t}B u}= Qw[L 'OvwW?Hwt =Q Y=N L=Q] C=_Lqt 'C=R}yHD u}= =y Q=mxQ=@wO R= w OwW t QHvt C=_Lqt u}= p=ta= x@ L=Q] xrlqt QO pt=wa u}= L=Q] R= V}B w xswqb p}=w= QO,qwtat wq u}= R= "Ovm t Q}owrH =[t= ry= Q=mv=t}B p=ft u}= QO \@DQt ry= pt=a =@ O=OQ=Qk w }=U=vW "Ovvm t po@ w OQ w xswqb QO C=aq]= VOQo %pot C=aq]= po=@d sdu}u h} QaD "4 l} uwqo '=y Q=ovxt=v xj w Oa)@ xu pot?r=k QO xj 'C=aq]= uow x}rm \UwD xm OW=@ xdw=o =Q u; C}r@=k O}=@ sdu}u u}= "OwW t s=hv= sdu}u pwut xoya Q@ sdu}u u}= h} QaD "OW=@ UQDUO p@=k p=ai u=aiv P u=tr=u QO pe=w <=[a= u}@ R=,qwtat OQi u}= "CU= 9 BIM ovy=ty O}rwD C} Q}Ot w ovy=ty xi}_w w OwW t?=ndv= O}rm pt=a xu R= m} "OQ=O xoya Q@ =Q xjq=bl} BIM pot p@k OQwt C=R=wt x@ R}v OQwt u}= % ovy=ty C=UrH Q=RoQ@ plt h} QaD "5 "OQ}PB t s=hv= BIM ovy=ty pwut j} Q] R=,=OOHt w srq C=aq]= u}}ad x@ u=aiv P 'xrlqt u}= QO % L=Q] C=aq]= u}}ad "6 "OwW t s=hv= u=aiv P xty Q=mty =@ Q=m u}= "OvR=OQB t L=Q] CyH "CU=tQiQ=m u=tr=u =yoq=ov=du= w '=tqiq=m =yr=}v 'u=t}b O=vU= Q=m =v@t pt=ad QO u=aiv P xty =Hv}= QO % R=Unvy=ty xt=vq@ w xowolt u}}ad "7 u; =v@t Q@ TBU "Ovvm t swrat =Q R=Unvy=ty C}r=ai OwOL Qo}Om} =@ "OW Oy=wN u}}ad ovy=ty C=UrH Ov@u=tR 'xt=vq@ u}@ D=[k=vD ' L=Q] u}l QO CU= umtt %C=[k=vD `iq pmdwqb u}}ad "8 [k=vd Q=tat w xr=u KQ] u}@ OQ=O u=mt=,qft "O}; OwHw x@ hrdnt =ykq] ovwoj u}}ad x@ 'Qo}Om} =@ pt=ad QO u=aiv P 'xrlqt u}= QO "OW=@ xdw=o OwHw C=tOkt xrlqt u}= QO "CN=OQB Ovy=wN u; =@ OQwNQ@ w C=[k=vD x@ xq=w= 'Q=tat?v=H R= x}rw= pot l} x=q= =@ w CU= xow sy=qi L=Q] `wqw [27w26] "OyO t VWwB =Q PMBOK ojq=bl} C} Q}Ot pyi QO xow u=wva u; RQ=sy =} ovy=ty xh}dv ojq=bl} 'Q[=L VywSB QO 'u=aiv P u}@=t ovy=ty xh}dv xm Cio u=wd t `w[wt u}= Q}UiD QO "CU= u=aiv P xm v=tr 'Qo}O u=}@x@ "Ow@ Oy=wN IPD QO Q_vOQwt ojq=bl} u=ty }wo xm Ow@ Oy=wN }xvwo x@ =yv; OQmrta 'OvUQ@ ovy=ty Kw]U x@ "OvDUy xjq=bl} w u=tr=u l} w[a oty IPD " ojq=bl} xh}dv 'C}kiwt w CU= ovy=ty xh}dv ' ojq=bl} OvtR=}v ojq=bl} u}= w CU=yxSwQB =QH= QO ojq=bl} p=@vo x@ C}kiwt =Q@ CU= Q=R@= u=ty BIM "CU= Qo}Om} =@ xswqb O}rm pt=wa ovy=ty xh}dv w "OR=U t umtt =Q ovy=ty w Ov=UQ t Qo}Om} R=?U=vt lqo x@ =Q u=aiv P xm ovy=ty =yvr=j "6 Q=m u=} QH Ow@y@ C@=@ R= 'Ovvm t O=} u; R= Coordination u=wvax@ xjv; Vr=J C} Q}Ot w =QH= =Q@ u}wv Q=DN=U x@ R=}v ^=Lr x@ rw 'OwW t krd O}it "OwW t?wult Q@ O}=@ xm OvQ=O OwHw }=yvr=j 'xswqb =Q@ BIM xwkr=@ =}=Rt p@=kt QO 'OwW t C}=tL BIM \UwD xm }xdwq u}@ t}d Q=m x@ s}v=wd@ =D Ot; j=i =yv; %pft O}rm pt=wa Vkv Q}}eD x@ u=wd t =yvr=j u}= xrth R= "s}@=} CUO w O}OH O=OQ=Qk \@=wq =} 'u=oovvmu}t-=d w aqi Q=mv=t}B 'Q=mv=t}B 'Q=tat '=tqiq=m [28] "OQm xq=w= xowooht UOvyt =yov}=qi x@ y=o ovy=ty xrut xm Ov=xDi=} CUO xh}dv u}= x@ u=qowywsb NQ@ C@Ft Oa)@ Q=yJ w xu =ypot Q}oQ=m x@ R= py=l Q=m u=} QH Ow@y@ p}ro Ov}=Qi C} Q}Ot w yoq=dn=u ovwoj QO C}a]k soa C@=@ x=o w xow krd w ovy=ty x@ p}v ovwoj `k=w QO [29] "CU= xot;?=ul x@ ivt ovy=ty u}= Qo = "OwW t?wult x=q u}= QO Vr=J u} QDnQR@ 'u}wv }=ycn=uq} R x@ R=}v Q=m u=} QH 'Q_vOQwt ovy=ty x@ p}v CQwY QO w OwW C} x@ Vr=J x@ u=wd t BIM Qw=:vi w IPD =QH= VwQ R= Q}oxQy@ =@ "Ci=} Oy=wN Ow@y@ w OQw; t sy=qi =Q ovy=ty x@ p}v =Q@?U=vt QDU@ IPD "O=O MU=B Vr=J u}= MU=B l} u}= "Ovm t xo=idu= QDU@ u}= R= xm CU= }xovvmnvy=ty Q=R@= BIM OwN IPD w BIM?}mQD ovwoj 'u}= OwHw =@ "CU= xowkq]t Vr=J x@ x=dwm "OQ=O QDW}@ UQQ@ x@ R=}v xm CU= Wr=J sqk= xjq=bl} p}wld QO L=Q] QO ovy=ty "7 CN=U C=aq]= R=UpOt Qw=:vi R= Q}oxQy@ =@ xswqb,=d}y=t xswqb sqk= xjq=bl} p}wld 'CU= xow xq=w= u; x@ QDV}B xm Qw]u=ty R=UpOt Qw=:vi "CU= xswqb u=aiv}p u}@=t Q=}U@ ovy=ty w Q=mty OvtR=}v Q=R@= 'OQ=O C=aq]= p=kdv= w R=UOvDUt QO xm }=v=wd x]u=w x@ 'CN=U C=aq]= w ovy=ty x@ IPD xm R=}v "OwW t?wult QF-wt Q=mty O=H}= xoqm O=H}= BIM syt p}uv=db u}= R= Q}oxQy@ QDU@ 'OQ=O Q=mty "Ot=Hv= t xjq=bl} rot KQ] x@,=d}=yv ' R=UO=R; CQwY QO xm r}uv=db "CU= =Q@ }wor= WywSB QO =}v=wr}uvb x=owv=o u=qowywsb R= ywqo u}= R= V}B 'Q[=L VywSB QO [30] "Ov=xOQm x=q= BIM R=Unvy=ty C}r@=k R= OvtxQy@ """u=tdn=u C=aq]= R=UpOt Qw=:vi R= Q}oxQy@ 132

6 1/1 xq=tw '332 xqwo '1396 h} QW u=qta UOvyt O=yvW}B Ov}=Qi "8 =QH= w Q}o}B CyH O=yvW}B Ov}=Qi CQwYx@ xowk} QWD OvwQ '1 pmw QO "CU= xow x=q= QDu=U; O=yvW}B OvwQ =y os}w "9 x@ xt=o= QO xm 'OQ=O swuqt =yvwq x@ C@Uv Q=mW; R}=tD xwhw O=yvW}B OvwQ %CU= xow xq=w= =yu; x@ pwtat OvwQ x@ C@Uv xowkq] OvwQ R}=tD QO xm O}rm p=ut R= m} "1 C}wkD?Hwt xm 'CU= L=Q] pl=qt u}rw= R= Q=mv=t}B Qw[L 'O}; t swj "OyO s=hv= Oy=wN t xm CU= Q=m R= Q=mv=t}B QDy@ lqo w KQ] Q}PBCN=U `w[wt u}= "CU= Qo}Om} =@ u=aiv P O=} R Q=}U@ pt=ad OvtR=}v xowkq] OvwQ "2 =yxswqb QO u=aiv P?=NDv= xwlv "OwW Qw_vt O}=@ u=aiv P?=NDv= s=ovy "CU= xv=o =OH WywSB OvtR=}v IPD L=Q] xrlqt QO =Q =tqiq=m Vkv 'DB Ovv=t }=yvwq hqnq@ Q[=L OvwQ "3 "Ovm t xduhq@ Q=}U@ pl=qt QO }=U=vW R= TB R}v Q=PoQ}F-=D pt=wa Q}=U 'Q=mv=t}B w =tqiq=m Q@ xwqa "4 =y Q=m xq=@wo NQ@ R= w Ovvm Q=mty QDQ=O}=B rot KQ] QO Ovv=wD t }=OD@= "OwW Q}owrH?}DQD u}= x@ R= WN@ p=kdv=?hwt L=Q] xrlqt QO Q=mv=t}B w =tqiq=m p=ai Qw[L "5 WR}ov= pt=a 'lu} Q `} RwD u}= "OwW t pt=a wo u}= x@ L=Q] lu} Q "OwW t QDQ@ KQ] QO u=aiv P QDW}@ xj Qy pt=ad =Q@ QO =y Q=mty C}wkD w ovy=ty Ow@y@ C}v =@ oty xow^=lr =y os}w Qw=:vi Q}oQ=m x@ u=}t u}= QO "Ov=xOW xdiqo Q_v QO v=qta =yxswqb =QH= OvwQ 'u=aiv P p@=kdt lqo QDW}@ xj Qy C}wkD Ea=@ u=tdn=u C=aq]= R=UpOt?Hwt xowo=h}= =[i xmv; ut[ "OW Oy=wN C=]=@DQ= p}yud w ' R=Unvy=ty "OW Oy=wN R}v BIM =}=Rt R= xv}w}@ OvtxQy@ Q}oxH}Dv "10 ut[ 'Ov=xOW KQ]t Q}N= =yp=u QO xm R=U w CN=U u}wv =yvwq w =y Qw=:vi O}wv 'CavY u}= CqwYLt Q}osWJ Ow@y@ w R=U w CN=U CavY QO pwld O=H}= C=aq]= R=UpOt Qw=:vi u}@ u}= QO "OvyO t =Q Q=O}=B }=yxr=u QO }xota Vkv Qwy_wv =y Qw=:vi u} QDsyt R= m} u=wvax@ BIM u=tdn=u xjq=bl} p}wld u}= Q@ xwqa "Ovm t =i}= K}LY =QH= w xv}y@ KQ] x@ pwyl u}wv OQm}wQ ' v=tdn=u =yxswqb =QH= VwQ l} u=wva x@ IPD xswqb sqk= }=Ri=sy?Hwt IPD w BIM j}ird "OwW t?wult Q=O}=B QO "OwW t wo u}= =}=Rt R= xv}w}@ Q}oxQy@ w Q=Qk xo=idu= OQwt QDtm pwtat =yvwq QO xm 'BIM syt =yc}r@=k R= m} D}r@=k "CU= u=aiv P u}@=t C=]=@DQ= p}yud w R=Unvy=ty C}r@=k 'OQ}o t =y os}w iq] R= "CU= xdu@=w u; x@,=o}ow 'xswqb sqk= xjq=bl} p}wld xm QO "OwW t BIM =yc}r@=k R= xv}w}@ Q}oxQy@?Hwt IPD =yxswqb D=P L=Q] ' Q=tat L=Q] 'Qwv L=Q] 'xr=u L=Q] %pft L=Q] C=}rta x}rm "OwW t R=e; xq}e w C=U}U-=D C=tOkt uowsy=qi =@ xrlqt u}= QO 'CU= xow xq=w= xm Qw]u=ty %pot KQ] "9 K=Q] 'Qwv K=Q] 'Q=tat pt=w L=Q] =yxwqo x}rm \UwD pot KQ] ' L=Q] Qw_vt x@ =yxwqo R= l} Qy R= rot w OwW t s=hv= xq}e w SQv= K=Q] 'xr=u "OwW t Ci=} QO R=Unvy=ty \UwD xwqo Qy \UwD xowkq] =ypot %xow L=Q] =ypot Qw;`tH "10 "OvwW t j@]vt sy Q@ w Ci=} QO BIM ovy=ty pwut pot UQQ@ =@ r=tdl= C=[k=vD %=ykq] C=[k=vD }=U=vW "11 "OvwW t }=U=vW BIM ovy=ty pwut C=[k=vD =Q@ plx=q 'xrlqt u}= QO %xovyoow@y@ =} xovvmkqy= C=t=Ok= "12 QO [k=vd Qo = "OwW t x=q= L=Q] =ys}d x}rm Q=mty =@ xow }=U=vW x=q= xovyoow@y@ =yo=yvw}b 'pot UQQ@ =@ L=Q] s}d 'CW=Ov OwHw KQ],=OOHt pot KQ] xrlqt R= OvwQ 'pot Ow@y@ =}?w}a `iq CyH "OyO t "OwW py=l L=Q] s}d }=yv KQ] =D 'OW Oy=wN Q=QmD Q=mv=t}B \UwD ' L=Q] s}d \UwD xowo}}-=d }=yv pot % Q}PBCN=U UQQ@ "13 "OwW t UQQ@ r=tdl= }=QH= CqmWt w Q}PBCN=U Q_v R= xow }=U=vW?w}a =Q@ xrlqt u}= QO %xovyoow@y@ =} xovvmkqy= C=t=Ok= "14 KQ] Qo = "OwW t x=q= plx=q 'Q=mv=t}B w L=Q] =ys}d Q=mty =@ "OvyO t x=q= xovyoow@y@ =yo=yvw}b pot UQQ@ =@ Q=mv=t}B 'CW=Ov OwHw Oy=wN Q=QmD,=OOHt pot KQ] xrlqt R= OvwQ 'pot Ow@y@ =}?w}a `iq CyH "OwW py=l Q=mv=t}B O}}-=D OQwt }=yv KQ] =D 'OW w L=Q] s}d \UwD xowo}}-=d }=yv KQ] %=tqiq=m =yr=}v u}t-=d UQQ@ "15 L=Q] pl=qt QO Qw[L OwHw =@ =tqiq=m "OwW t UQQ@ =tqiq=m \UwD Q=mv=t}B C=_Lqt w =yr=}v x@ xhwd =@ =Q }=yv KQ] xrlqt u}= QO ' ovy=ty C=UrH w "OQm Oy=wN UQQ@ r=t =Q@ =tqiq=m <=[Q= soa CQwY QO %xovyoow@y@ =} xovvmkqy= C=t=Ok= "16 DQwY QO "OW Oy=wN x=q= u=aiv P x}rm ltm x@ plx=q 'xow }=U=vW?w}a "OwW t x=q= Q=mv=t}B?v=H R= xovyoow@y@ C=t=Ok= 'CW=Ov xm OwW t Q=QmD,=OOHt pot KQ] xrlqt R= OvwQ 'KQ] Ow@y@ =}?w}a `iq =Q@ "OwW py=l =tqiq=m O}}-=D OQwt }=yv KQ] =D O=vU= w OwW t krd u=}=b,=@} QkD L=Q] xrlqt 'xowqmp pl=qt s=td= =@ xty O}}-=D OQwt xow R=Unvy=ty pot C}=yv QO "OW Ovy=wN O}rwD CN=U R= WN@ ' L=Q] OvwQ QO xty uowq}oqo x@ xhwd =@ "O}; t CUOx@ u=aiv P lu} Q `} RwD =@ OvwQ u}= "OW Oy=wN pkdvt =tqiq=m w Q=mv=t}B x@ R}v L=Q] lu} Q pwyl CyH lqdwt =yxr}ov= O=H}=?Hwt u=aiv P u}@ V=O=B u; <=R= QO w QO Q=PoQ}F-=D pt=wa x}rm s=ovyowr Qw[L p}ro x@ iq] R= "OwW t QDy@ KQ] x@ CU= y}o@ "Ot; Oy=wN CUOx@ xv}y@ w Q=O}=B,=D@Uv LQ] 'CN=U w L=Q] =Q DqmWt '=yxswqb =QH= pwtat =yvwq QO L=Q] xrlqt QO Q=mv=t}B Ow@v pw@k R=,qwtat Q=mv=t}B xm 'OQm Oy=wN O=H}= Q}PBCN=U soa x]u=wx@ =QH= QO VQ}PB w O=OQ=Qk =[t= CQwY QO DL w Ovm t r=n xv=w u; =@ \@DQt =ylu} Q "OQwN Oy=wN Q@ pmwt x@ =QH= OvwQ,=D}=yv 'CqmWt u}= 133

7 """u=tdn=u C=aq]= R=UpOt Qw=:vi R= R= IPD VwQ QO L=Q] O=yvW}B Ov}=Qi "1 pmw =ycn=uq} R UQQ@ "CU= xdiq}pbv s=hv= `w[wt wo u}= x@ `H=Q v=ovj VywSB IPD xu}=kt 'wq V}B `v=wt 'u}wv OQm}wQ wo u}= =}=Rt R= OvtxQy@ =Q@ srq h=oy= w R=UxO=}B ovwoj UQQ@ 'xswqb =QH= =yvwq Q}=U =@ T=U=Q@ L=Q] x@ L=Q] rai =yvwq R= p=kdv= pl=qt h} QaD w IPD Q_vOt "OwW t O=yvW}B D; =yvywsb CyH D=aw[wt u=wvax@ BIM R=Unvy=ty w IPD =yxswqb QO BIM R= Q}oxQy@ CyH OvwQ Q=DWwv u}= KQ] QO xow^=lr =y os}w "CU= xow O=yvW}B L=Q] xrlqt QO u=aiv P Qw_vt x@ w xswqb u=aiv P ovy=ty C}wkD CtON QO oty ' O=yvW}B OvwQ "Ov=xOw@ xv}y@ w Q=O}=B LQ] Rwvy u=q}= QO xv=iu-=dt 'IPD VwQ w BIM Qw=:vi x@ v=yh p=@k= seq ra 1. building information modeling (BIM) 2. integrated project delivery 3. collaboration 4. lean construction 5. project management information system (PMIS) 6. negotiated contract 7. CAD 8. integration management 9. BIM coordinator =ycwwv=b References `@=vt 1. Eastman, C., Teicholz, P., Sacks, R. and Liston, K., BIM Handbook: A Guide to Building Information Modeling for Owners, Managers, Designers, Engineers and Contractors, 2nd Edition, Wiley, New Jersey, 648 p. (2011). 2. American Institute of Architects and AIA California Council, Integrated Project Delivery: A Guide, (2007). Retrieved from (1, May 2013). 3. Integrated Project Delivery for Public and Private Own- 134

8 1/1 xq=tw '332 xqwo '1396 h} QW u=qta UOvyt ers, National Association of State Facilities Administrators, Construction Owners Association of America, Association of Higher Education Facilities Ocers, Associated General Contractors AIA, 112 p. (2010). Retrieved from" topics/project delivery (23 July 2011). 4. Nadine, M. \Sutter health unlocks the door to a new process", Engineering News Record, 6 p. (2007). 5. Matthews, O. and Howell, G.A. \An integrated project delivery: An example of relational contracting", Lean Construction Journal, 2(1), pp (2009). 6. Sive, T., Integrated Project Delivery: Reality and Promise (A Strategist's Guide to Understanding and Marketing IPD), White Paper, Society for Marketing Professional Services Foundation (2009). 7. Ghassemi, R. and Becerik-Gerber, B. \Transitioning to integrated project delivery: Potential barriers and lessons learned", Lean Construction Journal, pp (2011). 8. Becerik-Gerber, B. and Kensak, K. \Building modeling in architecture, engineering and construction: Emerging research directions and trends", Journal of Professional Issues in Engineering Education and Practice, 136(3), pp (2010). 9. Bryde, B., Broquetas, M. and Volm, J.M. \The project benets of building information modelling (BIM)", International Journal of Project Management, 31(7), pp (2013). 10. Maurer, I. \How to build trust in inter-organizational projects: The impact of project stang and project rewards on the formation of trust, knowledge acquisition and product innovation", International Journal of Project Management, 28(7), pp (2010). 11. Kadefors, A. \Trust in project relationships{inside the black box international", Journal of Project Management, 22(3), pp (2004). 12. Cicmil, S. and Marshall, D. \Insights into collaboration at the project level: Complexity, social interaction and procurement mechanisms", Building Research & Information, 33(6), pp (2005). 13. C191-Standard Form Multi-Party Agreement for Integrated Project Delivery, American Institute of Architects, (2009). Available from: Hajarolasvadi, H. \Integrated project delivery using building information modeling", M.Sc. Thesis, Amirkabir University Of Technology, Tehran, Iran (2014). 15. Sebt, M.H., Shakeri, E., Hajarolasvadi, H. and Naderi, A.M. \Integrated project delivery; A new approach to implementation of construction projects", International Conference of Project Management, Tehran, Iran (2013). 16. Eastman, C., Building Product Models: Computer Environments Supporting Design and Construction, CRC Press, Boca Raton, 424 p. (1999). 17. Schueter, A. and Thessling, F. \Building information modeling based energy/exergy performance assessment in early design stages", Automation in Construction, 18, pp (2009). 18. Autodesk Inc. Improving Building Industry Results through Integrated Project Delivery and Building Information Modeling, White Paper (2012). Available Online at: Azhar, S., Brown, J. and Farooqui, R. \BIM-based sustainability analysis: An evaluation of building performance analysis software", Proceedings of the 45th ASC Annual Conference, Gainesville, Florida (2009). 20. Lee, C. \BIM: Changing the AEC industry", PMI Global Congress 2008, Project Management Institute, Denver, Colorado, USA (2008). 21. BSI, Constructing the Business Case: Building Information Modelling, British Standards Institution and Building SMART UK, London and Surrey, UK (2010). 22. Anumba, C.J., Issa, R.R.A., Pan, J. and Mutis, I. \Ontology-based information and knowledge management in construction", Construction Innovation: Information, Process, Management, 8(3), pp (2008). 23. Grilo, A. and Jardim-Goncalves, R. \Value proposition on interoperability of BIM and collaborative working environments", Automation in Construction, 19(5), pp (2010). 24. Eastman, C. \New opportunities for IT research in construction", Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 4200, pp (2006). 25. Teicholz, P. \Labor productivity declines in the construction industry: Causes and remedies", AEC bytes Viewpoints (3 August 2011). Retrieved from 4.html 26. PMI, Construction Extension to the PMBOK r Guide, 3rd Edition, Project Management Institute, Newton Square, Pennsylvania, USA (2007). 27. PMI, A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK r Guide), 4th Edition, Project Management Institute, Newton Square, Pennsylvania, USA (2008). 28. Sebastian, R. \Changing roles of the clients, architects and contractors through BIM", Engineering Construction and Architectural Management, 18(2), pp (2011). 29. Khanzode, A., Fischer, M. and Reed, D. \Benets and lessons learned of implementing building virtual design and construction (VDC) technologies for coordination of MEP systems on a large healthcare project", ITcon, 13, pp (2008). 30. The Computer Integrated Construction Research Group, Building Information Modeling Project Execution Planning Templates, The Pennsylvania State University (2010). 135

9